One was Calkis and the other one was Eretria and we hear about them relatively early in the eighth century, already being very important, very strong and fighting each other in a famous war that they fought.

卡尔基斯和埃雷特里亚,人们早在八世纪就对它们有所耳闻,那时,它们很重要,很强大,在一场著名的战争中相互敌对

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

These are linguistic terms. But of course, the people who spoke them, especially in the early years, tended to be part of a relatively narrow collection of people, who intermarried with each other chiefly, and therefore developed common cultural characteristics.

这时的希腊语主要是一些语意项,不过当然,那些讲希腊语的人,特别是在早期,是一个相对小范围的人群,他们主要在族群内部通婚,由此,发展出相近的文化特征

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选