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Many kinds of molecules make up your coffee There are the water molecules, the flavor molecules the milk proteins, etcetera.
许多不同种类的分子构成了你的咖啡,有水分子，气味分子，牛奶蛋白等等。
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So now, for example, there are a whole range, just a whole rainbow of fluorescent proteins that can be used.
现在，人们可以用的荧光范围，达到整个彩虹色谱。
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Another example of using this technique is to produce therapeutic proteins from cloned DNA and I'm going to describe this one.
另一个运用到此技术的例子就是,从克隆的基因中制造治疗性的蛋白质,我会具体说这个例子
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We are now able to find proteins and genes that are at the correct location for the transduction machinery.
我们就能够查明转导蛋白质和基因,处于正确的位置。
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Because of this, they can't repair the various kinds of damage they need, or create the amino acids and proteins they need.
他们不能修复各种损伤,或者生成所需的氨基酸蛋白质
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These proteins have functions that are essential for life of the cell, they transport molecules back and forth across the membrane.
这些蛋白所起的功能,对于细胞生存至关重要,它们负责转运分子通过细胞膜进出细胞
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Steroids are small molecules - much smaller than proteins - smaller molecules that tend to be hydrophobic or lipid soluble.
类固醇是小分子物质,比蛋白质小得多,这类小分子是非水溶性的,或者说是脂溶性的
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That's one of the beauties of proteins as working molecules is that their structure can be changed by subtle means.
蛋白质作为一种生物活性分子,其优势之一是,能够通过精细的方法改变其结构
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If I could find the unique set of proteins that correspond to those genes I could define chemically what the cell is.
而我又能找到和这些基因对应的,这种独特的蛋白,我就能通过化学手段确认这是哪种细胞
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You could watch where it localizes in the cell, there are fluorescent assays you could use to determine what other proteins it interacts with.
你可以看到它在细胞的什么地方，你可以用荧光化验的办法确定,它和其它什么蛋白质相作用。
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There are proteins, for example, on the surface of some cells that bind insulin and respond to the presence of insulin.
比如说蛋白,有些细胞表面上的蛋白,捕获胰岛素并且对胰岛素进行应答
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It leads to expression of new genes, production of new proteins, and a change in a behavior of the cell.
这导致新基因表达,新蛋白合成,细胞行为发生改变
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When this animal makes milk, it makes all the normal milk proteins, but it also activates your gene of interest as well.
那么当这一后代泌乳的时候,它不仅表达出自身正常的奶蛋白质,也激活了目的基因的表达
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Some chemical concepts that are important for us to all understand as we move forward and review of proteins and biochemistry, basically.
随着课程的深入,其中的一些概念,对我们全面理解课程内容至关重要
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Maybe it got mutated and its making the wrong kinds of proteins; cancer cells often do that.
它可能已经变异,产生了错误的蛋白,癌细胞往往就是这样
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You've taken all the proteins inside the white of the egg, for example, you raise the temperature.
对蛋清部分所有的蛋白质,比如说进行加热
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