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It's not the best form of food in that they're actually very poor in protein, and unfortunately very, very rich in cyanide.
但木薯的根并不是最好的食物,因为它的蛋白质含量很少，而更不幸的是，它的氰化物含量非常，非常高。
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One example of a way people have used this, is that they've taken the gene that ordinarily produces a milk protein.
利用这种方式的一个例子就是,他们把原本产羊奶蛋白的基因剔除
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Protein was a lot different in this period of time and many health authorities think a higher protein diet would benefit humans.
蛋白质的含量也不同,现代很多健康专家认为,高蛋白质的摄入是对人们有益的
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So if it's not a cell that's going through division you can't use a retrovirus to express the protein.
如果细胞不在分裂阶段,你就不能用逆转录病毒来表达某个蛋白
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But here, for example, the idea is to make many copies of a protein for use as a pharmaceutical.
不过这里,举例来说,这个构想是把蛋白质作为药物来量产
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And there are a number of diets-- almost all diets will urge people to take in enough protein.
很多饮食方式,几乎所有饮食都敦促人们摄入足量蛋白质
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So, what happens, this is another view of a sodium channel, so this is actually looking a little bit more at the protein structure.
那么，这里发生了什么，这是钠离子通道的另一张图片，在这种蛋白质结构中,它看起来更复杂一点。
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And it's neat to see the glowing jellyfish and think about the fluorescent protein that's in them.
你可以看到整齐的水母,而且考虑它里面的蛋白质。
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In fact, for insulin, it's not the final version of the protein that comes out of translation.
事实上,就胰岛素而言,翻译完成后的形式,还不是蛋白质的最终形式
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He actually recognized and, of course, many people recognized that this jellyfish was fluorescent, and he isolated the actual protein, and determined and proved that this protein was sufficient to cause this fluorescence.
他认识到了，当然，很多人都认识到了水母是有萤光的，它分离出了这种蛋白质，测定了它并证明,这种蛋白质会导致萤光。
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For some of you that haven't I'll just say that it's a protein, it's 238 amino acids, which means that it's about 1,000, actually more than 1,000 atoms in size, and this protein is fluorescent.
对于那些没听说过的人,我要说它是一种蛋白质，它有238个氨基酸，也就意味着它有约1000个，实际上是超过1000个原子，这种蛋白质是有萤光的。
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And once he did that, both he and many other scientists, could then, once they understood what caused the fluorescence, make little changes to the actual protein, and tune what the properties of that fluorescent protein were.
而且一旦他做成了这个，一旦他们弄清楚了是什么导致萤光，他和其它很多科学家，就可以对蛋白质做微小的改变，调节蛋白质的荧光性质。
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As I mentioned before, fat has twice the calories per unit weight as protein and carbohydrate.
如我之前所说,单位重量中脂肪的热量含量,是蛋白质和碳水化合物的两倍
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Okay, so way over the protein limit even though the intake of meat isn't so high.
尽管没有摄入过多的肉类,蛋白质还是超出了限制范围
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What a kinase enzyme does is that it recognizes this protein, and for example, the tyrosine that's on the protein.
激酶能够识别这类蛋白,例如,包含酪氨酸的蛋白
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If you could introduce that gene you'd make the chemical, in this case it's a protein called vascular endothelial growth factor.
通过导入一种生成特殊化学物质的基因,这种疗法中指的是一种蛋白,叫做血管内皮生长因子
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Like we talked about with insulin; make large quantities of this recombinant viral protein, and use that as a vaccine.
就像我们讲过的胰岛素,生成大量重组的病毒蛋白,并将其作为疫苗使用
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Essentially, what they are is it's a protein that spans the membrane of a cell.
本质上来说，它是一个横跨细胞膜的蛋白质。
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All those things have to happen in an orderly fashion, in enough quantity in order for a particular cell to make a protein.
所有的步骤必须按部就班,保质保量地进行,让一个特定的细胞合成特定的蛋白质
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Well, insulin is a protein, it's produced by cells in the pancreas, it circulates in your blood.
胰岛素是一种蛋白质,由胰腺细胞分泌,随着血液不断在体内循环
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We talked last time about extracellular matrix and this complex protein-carbohydrate gel that surrounds all cells.
我们上次谈到过的细胞外基质,是一种蛋白和碳水化合物的复合物胶冻,它环绕在细胞周围
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An alternate way is to go to the cell that's making the protein that you want.
另一种方法是,找到制造你想要的蛋白质的细胞
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The protein was first discovered and first isolated from this jellyfish here.
这种蛋白质最早是在水母中,发现并被提炼出来的。
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Then, your muscle cells would start producing Hepatitis B surface antigen and your immune system recognizing that's a foreign protein would start responding to it.
于是,肌肉细胞将会,开始制造乙肝表面抗原,然后免疫系统就会识别出,那是外来蛋白质并且产生免疫应答
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What if I collect that blood from patients that are already infected with Hepatitis B, purify the Hepatitis B protein, and inject that back into people?
如果我采集那些乙肝患者的血液,抽提出乙肝病毒的蛋白质,并且将其回注入人体内,将会如何呢
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That's because every three base pairs describes an amino acid in a protein.
那是因为每三个碱基对,对应一个蛋白质中的一个氨基酸
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And if you've forgotten about proteins and what their structure is you can go to Chapter 4 and read sort of a brief review of protein biochemistry.
如果你们忘记了蛋白质及结构的相关知识,就去读第四章,关于蛋白质生物化学的简短综述
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Now, being phosphorylated means that a phosphate group has been added to the protein, and phosphate groups can only be added to certain amino acids along a protein.
磷酸化的意思是,蛋白上连接了一个磷酸基团,这个磷酸基团只能连在,蛋白中某些特定的氨基酸上
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It generates a kinase activity which leads to phosphorylation of the protein.
它产生了一种激酶活性,导致了受体蛋白的磷酸化
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