So, they make their personal or dynastic rule absolute based on loyalty to them as individuals and not to the state as some sort of abstraction.

所以,君主将个人或者王朝的绝对统治,建立在［民众］对其统治家族的忠诚,而非国家这样的抽象概念上

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

In resistance to the Fugitive Slave Act the state of Wisconsin enacted a Personal Liberty Law that said they were not going to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act and turn in fugitive slaves, and the justification was that it was their state's right to do so.

为了抵制逃亡奴隶法,威斯康辛州政府颁布了个人自由法,规定他们不会执行,逃亡奴隶法并交出逃奴,理由是,该怎么做是他们州的权利

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选