So, there's no absolutes about this, this is a general response where all the features can be different with different pathogens.

这其中并没有明确的规律,免疫应答是普遍存在的,但针对不同的病原体的应答规律各不相同

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Generally, you think about the immune system protecting against different classes of pathogens and several classes of pathogens are shown on this table.

大体上,你们会认为免疫系统使,我们免受不同种类病原体的侵害,这个表格里介绍了几类病原体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

But innate responses are there from the very beginning and they can fight foreign--against foreign pathogens immediately.

但是先天免疫反应与生俱来,可以迅速同外源病原体展开斗争

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

One of the beautiful things about antibodies is that one your immune system is able to make antibodies against all the thousands, ten thousand, hundred thousand different pathogens that you'll come into contact with in your lifetime.

抗体的一个绝妙之处就在于,你的免疫系统可以分泌抗体来对抗,成千上万的 甚至数以十万计不同病原体,这些病原体都是你一生中可能会遇到的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选