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That there are other molecules in the lipid bilayer and they're important for cells getting information or getting molecules from outside.
还有一些其它分子在这个脂质双分子层上,它们对于细胞接收信息,和接受外来分子十分重要
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There are no other molecules on that side of the wall. So there's an attractive force that makes the velocity within not quite as fast.
墙的另一边没有分子,因此吸引力,会降低球的速度。
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But you need to be able to predict what kind of properties a certain atom's going to have within a molecule, whether you're talking about something, for example, that's very electronegative, or something that is not electronegative at all, it is going to make a difference in terms of thinking about how molecules are structured and also how they interact with other molecules.
但是你需要能够预言，什么性质,某个原子在分子中能够具有，无论你讨论的是哪一种情况，比如，它有很高的电负性，还是它根本没有电负性，都将会产生影响,对这个分子的结构,以及与其它分子相互作用的情况。
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Nonpolar molecules result from either, it's one or the other.
一个非极性分子，不是这一种就是那一种。
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This is a new concept, receptors don't have to be these molecules on cell surface, there can be receptors that exist in other places within the cell.
这是一个新概念,受体分子不一定只存在于细胞表面,它们也可以存在于细胞内其它地方
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So for some you that are less interested in maybe the physical structure of an individual atom, now some more exciting material for you might be coming up if you like to think about how, instead, molecules behave, either within bonding, within themselves, or with other molecules, that's what we're going to be heading to in this next unit.
那么对于某些同学，你们或许不感兴趣,对于单个原子的物理结构，现在可能有令你感到兴奋的内容,要出现了，如果你更喜欢思考,分子的行为，或者是关于成键的，或者是关于它们本身的，又或者与其它分子之间的行为，这些将是我们下个单元要讲的内容。
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You'll learn a lot more about this if you take organic chemistry, but, In fact, you can then go on and make a bunch of other different kinds of very interesting molecules.
如果你选了有机化学课，你会对它有更多的了解，但是，实际上，你可以继续制造出一堆,其它不同类型的有意思的分子。
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If we have too much gas in here, in other words, if the gas is at too high a pressure, the collisions with the gas molecules will consume the energy of the electrons and, again, we will see nothing.
假设这里有过多气体，换句话说，如果气体处在一个高压状态下，气体分子间的碰撞将会消耗,电子的能量，同样，什么也没有。
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They don't care that there are other atoms and molecules around. So that's basically what you do when you take p goes to zero.
这正是当压强无限小时,气体的行为,气体的体积无限大。
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It means that the molecules or the atoms and the gas don't know about each other.
气体分子本身的体积,可以忽略不计。
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Because the molecules are farther apart from each other. So the energy goes up.
因为分子间的距离,扩大了。
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The atoms or molecules in the gas don't know that there are other atoms and molecules in the gas, and then you end up with this universal property. All right, so gases that have this universal property, even when the pressure is not zero, those are the ideal gases.
可以忽略,这样就得到了理想气体的性质,在有限压强下,依然能保持这些性质的气体，被称为理想气体，本课中我们把大部分气体，都作为理想气体来处理。
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So you can imagine it's just going to get more and more complicated as we get to other types of atoms, and of course, molecules from there.
所以你们可以想到,当我们处理其他类型的原子,以及分子的时候，它会变得越来越复杂。
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Steroid hormones, on the other hand, molecules like testosterone and estrogen, progesterone, the sex steroids that determine sexual characteristics and are important for reproductive function are molecules that are all derived from a similar source.
另一方面,类固醇类激素,像睾丸激素,雌激素,黄体酮这样的分子,性激素决定了性征,它对生殖功能十分重要,这类分子有着相似的来源
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And what I'll mention to you just in terms of the fact that -- we're finally dealing with real molecules, which is -- or molecules that are made up of more than one atom, which is kind of exciting for me and maybe for some other of you that like to move into thinking about what some of the consequences of these molecules reacting might be.
而我将要告诉大家的是,我们终于开始与真正的分子打交道了，或者说由多于一个原子所组成的分子，这让我和你们中的某些人感到有些兴奋,因为我们更喜欢思考这些分子,经过反应之后可能出现的一些结果。
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If z is greater than 1, then the real gas means that the atoms and molecules in the real gas are repelling each other and wants to have a bigger volume.
如果Z大于,说明实际气体的分子间斥力较强,体积比理想气体要大,我们可以查表找到。
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