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these are at least among the questions that Socrates or Plato, the author of the book, deliberately poses for us to consider.
就是这些问题,这些至少就是苏格拉底或柏拉图，本书作者，所特意提出让我们思考的问题。
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That is a course that I like to teach, too; usually I teach Plato to T.S. Eliot or Plato to I.A. Richards or some other important figure in the early twentieth century.
这也是我喜欢教的一门课;,我通常教从柏拉图到T。S。艾略特,或从柏拉图到T。A。理查兹,或者其他20世纪初的重要人物。
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The philosopher is described by Plato as someone with knowledge of the eternal forms, lying behind or beyond the many particulars.
哲学家在柏拉图的形容下,是拥有永恒知识，置身于许多特殊事物之后或之外的人。
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Now, let's say, I'm not really much concerned with whether this was an argument that Plato thought worked or not.
我其实并不太关心,柏拉图本人认为,这个论证是否说得通
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Plato and Aristotle give their own vision- the philosopher-king the great-souled man Megalopsychos or megalopsychos.
或政治家所应具备的特质，柏拉图与亚里士多德-,给出他们自己的愿景,哲学家国王，高尚灵魂的人。
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Our question is not was Plato overlooking something he should have thought of, is does this argument work or not.
我们的问题不是柏拉图忽略了,一些他本该想到的事情，而是这个论证说不说得通。
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He seems to represent what Plato or Socrates will later call the spirited part of the soul, something that we want to return to.
他似乎代表着,柏拉图或苏格拉底,稍后所称灵魂精神的部份，类似我们想要寻回的境界。
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That's the way Socrates begins this dialogue, or that's the way Plato has Socrates begin it.
那是苏格拉底开始这场对话的方式，或说是柏拉图让苏格拉底开始的方式。
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In order for a more or less round plate to remind me of roundness, Plato says, I have to have already met perfect roundness itself.
如果一个或多或少,有点圆的盘子能让我想到正圆,柏拉图认为,我必须已经见过完美的圆本身了
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I'll say, "Plato holds" Or "Socrates argues," because for our purposes it's all the same.
我会说,"柏拉图认为"或者"苏格拉底认为",因为就这门课的目的而言两种说法是等效的
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The philosopher-king, he tells us, may be an object of hope or wish but Plato realizes that this possibility is not really to be expected.
他告诉我们，哲学家国王也许是希望或愿望的目标,但柏拉图了解到,这种可能性不是真的值得期待。
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But Plato's Republic recognizes no such separation or no such independence for a private sphere.
但柏拉图的《理想国》并未体认到这种区隔,或是这种私人领域的自主性。
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So far Plato believes, is a passionate or spirited aspect of nature remains strong so long will be necessary to educate the warriors of society who defend it.
到目前为止,柏拉图相信，如果激情或意志层面的人性,维持强烈的话,就必需,教育保卫社会的战士。
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So in about a week or so we'll start reading Plato's Phaedo.
一周后我们将开始阅读柏拉图的"斐多篇"
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In political philosophy it is never a sufficient answer to answer a question with a statement " "because Plato says so " " or "because Nietzsche says so."
对于政治哲学而言,答案永远都嫌不充足,无法仅用一段陈述来回答一个问题,“因为柏拉图如是说“,“因为尼采如是说“
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In many ways Aristotle there offers, as does Plato, a certain kind of critique of the modern or even the ancient democratic theory of freedom, which is living as one likes.
亚里士多德在很多方面所提出的和柏拉图相似，都是一种对现代,或甚至古代自由民主理论的评判，也就是过一个人想过的生活。
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Plato seems to believe that each of us must choose somehow, must choose between one or the other of these two contenders for the most serious and worthwhile way of life.
柏拉图似乎相信,我们每个人都应选择，必需在这两种竞争概念中,做出选择,以求得严谨及值得过的人生。
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What I'm going to do is basically run through my attempt to reconstruct-- my attempt to lay out the basic ideas from this series of four or five arguments that Plato gives us.
我要做的是,基本上是重新,把柏拉图给我们的这4,5个论点中,一些基本的观点拿出来讨论一遍
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But whether or not he does address them-- we're not doing Plato any honor, we're not doing him any service, if we limit ourselves to simply trying to grasp, here's what Plato thought.
但是不论他有没有涉及那些,如果我们束缚自己,而只是去,揣测柏拉图的真实想法的话,我们不仅对柏拉图的不尊重,也没有给予他任何帮助
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Every other book in this political science that has since been written, beginning with Aristotle's Politics and moving on to the present day is, in one way or another, an answer, a response to Plato's Republic.
这门政治科学,所用的其它现存读物，从亚里士多德的《政治学》,一直到今日的其它著作，多少都只是，对柏拉图的《理想国》回答或响应。
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Each of the participants in the dialogue represents one of the specific classes or groups that will eventually occupy the just city to which Plato or Socrates Kallipolis gives the name Kallipolis, ?! the beautiful city. Alright?
每一位与谈者,都代表着一个特定的阶级或群体,他们最终将是正义之城的组成成份,即柏拉图或苏格拉底,命名的，美丽之城，对吧？
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You might even think in your class, in your sections, how or in what ways does Machiavelli's armed prophet differ in important ways both from Plato's philosopher king, as well as Aristotle's notion Megalopsychos of the megalopsychos as the sort of magnanimous statesman.
你们在稍后的讨论时间中，可以探讨，如何且以何种方式,使得马奇亚维利的武装先知,明显不同于,柏拉图的哲学家国王，还有亚里士多德,定义的,类似具有高尚品德的政治家。
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Now, as I say, many times when you read the dialogue, this or other dialogues by Plato, it seems as though he's fully cognizant of the objections that at least an attentive reader will raise about earlier stages of the argument.
很多时候当你阅读柏拉图的对话录,不管是这篇还是其他篇,柏拉图似乎很清楚至少有一个留心的读者,会对早期的一些观点,提出反驳意见
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Some of you who are maybe familiar with Plato's later dialogue The Republic may recognize at least what seems to me, what we have here, is a foreshadowing of the myth of the cave, or the allegory of the cave, which Plato describes there as well.
你们中的那些,对柏拉图稍晚些的《理想国》对话录,熟悉的同学会知道,起码我认为,我们这里讲的是预示着洞穴的那个传说,或者洞穴的寓言,柏拉图在也描述过
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So for our purposes, we don't have to ask ourselves when Socrates in the dialogue says something, is this a view that the dead man Socrates actually would have held or is this simply a view that the dead man Plato put in the mouth of the character Socrates?
所以,出于这门课程的目的,我们无需深究,苏格拉底在对话中的某个观点,到底是属于那个真实的受死之人苏格拉底的,还是属于已故之人柏拉图,通过作品中苏格拉底这个角色所表述的
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Adeimantus If Adeimantus, again, expresses the appetitive part of the soul, Glaucon represents the quality that Plato calls spiritedness, or thumos in Greek.
如果，表达的是灵魂的欲望，则，Glaucon，代表的即是质量,柏拉图所称的意志或是希腊文，Thumos，一字。
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