If evolution is survival of the fittest, nature red in tooth and claw, how could animals evolve moral feelings?

如果进化论是讲适者生存，在弱肉强食的自然界，动物怎么能进化出道德情感？

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

So, evolution works at a level of the genes and because of that it could give rise to animals that are themselves altruistic.

进化论起作用的是我们的基因,因此进化论能产生,有利他主义的动物。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And the evolution of banking in the nineteenth century further consolidates power.

在十九世纪,银行得以发展,并巩固了它的实力

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

Here is a picture of a cover from the journal--the magazine The Economist who were writing about food and nutrition in modern times and they created this graphic for the website to show the evolution of humans.

这是来自《经济学人》杂志的一篇关于,现代食品和营养的报道,他们为网站制作了这张图,来演示人类的演化过程

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

So for Wellhausen, the Priestly source, which emphasizes cult and ritual logically it had to represent a late degenerate stage in the evolution of Israelite religion, because priestly ritualistic cultic practices, these are degenerations.

对于Wellhausen，牧师来源强调祭祀和仪式,它代表了一种晚期的退化阶段,在以色列宗教的进化进程，因为牧师仪式的宗教习俗都是一种退化。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

Then we dealt with the emotions, ?? rationality, and evolution, and a lot of that.

接着我们学习了情绪，理智，进化等等。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Hence, selfish genes will lead to altruistic animals because, to the extent that evolution operates at the level of the genes, there's no hard and fast distinction between your own body and someone else's body.

所以，自私基因会导致利他行为，从这个意义上说,进化在基因层面进行，你自己的身体和别人的身体,没有严格差别。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And so one could say that there is a very unfortunate mismatch between our biology and our evolution and the modern food environment, because biology of course takes thousands and thousands, millions of years even to change, but the food environment has changed relatively recently.

可以说,在人类的生物进化和现在的,食品环境之间存在着非常不幸的脱节,生物学上的改变要花上,成千上万年的时间,但是食品环境却可以在短时间内迅速改变

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

This Cambridge History of Food talks about three separate primary phases in human food evolution: one beginning a million and a half years ago, another about 700,000 years ago, and then the 10,000 year ago one that I talked about just a moment ago.

剑桥饮食史》描述了,人类饮食结构演化过程中的三个不同阶段,其一,始于一百五十万年前,其二,距今约七十万年,其三,距今一万年,我们刚讨论过了

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选