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So, you couldn't introduce the live virus in because that would cause the disease not just immunity.
所以 不可以直接接种活体病毒,因为这会使人致病而不仅是引起免疫应答
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Valvular disease is not uncommon in the world; we'll talk about that a little bit.
心脏瓣膜疾病在世界上是一种常见的疾病,我们会讲到一些相关的内容
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They could say, "Oh, disease," but these reasons tend not to be sincere.
他们可以说”会传染疾病“,但这些理由只是托辞。
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One is the disease model: let's run away from what is not working.
一种是疾病模型：,让我们逃避不如意的事。
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What the organism, according to Freud, wants to do is evolve toward its dissolution, not to be modified--not, in other words, to be interfered with by everything from external trauma to internal disease.
根据弗洛伊德的说法，生物在走向死亡的过程中想要做的是演变，而不是被改造--换句话说，不是被,任何外界的创伤所干扰。
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And the implications are that we'd like to build a confidential and dynamic theoria of decision-making that I can account for the widespread decisions that people making, those when they are inrrational reflected when they are not And we'd also like a better remapping of disease on sympton profiles, so that we can address those symptoms better.
其结论是,我们希望建立起有关决策的新兴学科,籍此来对人们的非理性决策，做出解释,同时我们也希望能够对疾病的症状作出更好的了解，从而能够更准确地确定病情。
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First of all, corpses and certain carcasses at are a source of ritual impurity: sara'at, which is this--we translate it "scale disease," it's been called leprosy. It's definitely not leprosy.
首先是尸体和一些动物的尸体,它们是仪式上不洁的一个来源，sara’,这个词我们翻译过来是“一种大规模的传染病“,也就是麻风病，事实上它并不是麻风病。
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It was easy to tell if somebody had an infectious disease but you might not have known that they had cancer at that time and they just died.
如果有人患有感染性疾病,那很容易判断,但在那个时候医生可能不知道,病人得的就是癌症,病人就这么死去了
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Smallpox affected world history hundreds of years ago, and it was a disease that was common in Europe, but not common in the Americas until the Americas were colonized.
天花影响了几个世纪前的历史,这种病在欧洲很常见,但在美国不多见,直到美国成为殖民地
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And it turned out that another, not quite as deadly, but still very serious disease called syphilis was also common in this part of the world at that time.
现在已知另外一种疾病,它并不完全致命但也很严重,它叫梅毒,在那时的一些地方也很常见
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What he's saying here is the following: "What we have learned over fifty years is that the disease model does not move us closer to the prevention of these serious problems.
他是这么说的：,“五十多年的经验告诉我们，疾病模型,不能让我们更有力地预防,这些严重问题。
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If I happen to have some other infectious disease, then not only would you passing the protection to smallpox, but you'd be passing that disease among the population as well.
如果正好还有其他传染病,那不仅会传播对天花的免疫能力,也在人群中传播其它传染病
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Psychology is not just the study of disease,weakness,and damage it also is the study of strength and virtue, Treatment is not just fixing what is wrong; it also is building what is right.
心理学不仅是对疾病，弱点和伤害进行研究,它也研究优点和美德，治疗不只是修复错误;,同时也要塑造正确的东西。
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The other is that some places where the disease occurs the governments are not stable, or there might be civil unrest or civil wars and that makes it very difficult to orchestrate giving vaccines when there's other things happening in the country that are of more immediate concern.
另一个原因是,一些疾病发生地区,当地的政局不那么稳定,或者有动乱和内战,当在一个国家内发生许多,突发应急事件的时候,疫苗的分派发放会变得非常困难
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As we'll see in section today, a vaccine does not have to be totally perfect in order to prevent transmission of a disease, because when a disease enters a community its spread from one person to another.
有如我们今天看到的,疫苗不一定非要,绝对完美地阻止疾病的传播,因为当疾病侵入一个社区后,会在人群间传播
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The danger is that it's being purified from patients that have a disease and so you want to make sure that there's not other diseases that are present in that sample at the same time.
危险在于,这是从带有疾病的病人,身上纯化出来,因此你想确保,在那个样本中不会同时,携带其它疾病
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