Because this is not a virus at all, but it's a virus subunit, your body doesn't respond to it as strongly, your immune system doesn't respond to it as strongly.

因为这根本不是病毒,而是一个病毒亚基,机体对其反应不是那么强烈,免疫系统不会产生强烈的应答

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The virus is not killed so It's a live virus, which is actually going to infect your intestinal system and reproduce.

病毒没有被杀死,那么它就是活性病毒,也就意味着它将会,侵入你的肠道系统并且会繁殖

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So maybe you could figure out how to use what we know about molecular biology, to engineer a new virus that's still immunogenic, but not pathogenic any longer.

也许你能指出如何使用,分子生物学的有关知识,来设计一个既能产生免疫性,但又不再有致病性的新病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Another approach which is still investigational, in that it's being tried for many diseases but not yet clinically used in any particular one, is maybe you don't need to introduce a whole virus or pieces of a protein at all.

另一种方法目前仍处于试验阶段,该方法即将试用于许多疾病,但还没有对某一特定疾病进行临床试验,那就是无需引入整个病毒,或者根本不用引入蛋白质片段

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now, a virus is not capable of reproducing on its own, so if you got a virus into your body somehow and it didn't enter any of your cells, it would cause no damage because it could not reproduce.

病毒自身并不能繁殖,所以如果你的身体感染了病毒,而病毒没有进入细胞的话,因其不能繁殖所以不会对身体造成伤害

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

This was not a naturally occurring attenuated virus as used in smallpox, but a virus that was attenuated in the laboratory, basically by propagating it in culture and looking for mutants that were formed as you propagated this virus under different experimental conditions.

这不是在制造天花疫苗时,使用的那种天然减毒病毒,而是一种在实验室中被人工弱化的病毒,基本上是通过在细胞中培养繁殖后,从这些培养出来的病毒中挑选出,不同实验环境下的变异体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选