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Positive energy is repulsive, and negative energy is attractive.
正的能量值代表斥力，负的能量值代表引力。
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We see that we get a negative energy by attaching the chloride to the sodium.
我们得到了负能量,通过将氯和钠结合在一起。
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But the mathematicians told Dirac, "You cannot ignore the negative energy solution because it tells you there's a second solution and you cannot throw them out."
但数学家们告诉狄拉克,你不能忽略负的能量,因为数学告诉我有两个根,你不能随便丢掉
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It's a more negative energy, it's a lower energy state.
负号表示能量低。
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It has a negative energy.
它有负的能量。
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So you don't want to put in a negative energy, that's not going to help you out, you need to put in positive energy to get an electron out of the system. So that's why you'll find binding energies are always negative, and ionization energies are always going to be positive, or you could look at the equation and see it from there as well.
因为这对电离没有帮助,你需要一个正的能量,使得电子脱离这个系统,这就是为什么你会发现,结合能总是负的而电离能总是正的,或者你们看这个方程也可以发现这一点。
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And it turns out the second solution, with negative energy, was when the theory is telling you, hey, there are particles and there are anti-particles, and the negative energy when properly interpreted will describe anti-particles.
结果,后来证明,第二个根,也就是能量为负的那个根,正是理论的关键,世界上既有粒子,也有反粒子,负能量就是用来解释反粒子的
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So if I tell you that the energy for single hydrogen atom is negative 13 12 kilojoules per mole.
如果我告诉大家单个氢原子的能量,是负的，1312，千焦每摩尔。
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I have shown that by taking Avogadro's number of individual ion pairs and putting them all together in a line, the system's energy became more negative.
我推导出了,从每一个离子对中抽出阿伏加德罗常数,再把它们放在一起在一列中，这个系统的能量就变得更负。
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So if we have a negative change in energy for any reaction as it's written, what that actually means is we're giving off energy as the reaction proceeds.
如果我们像这里写的这样,在任何一个反应过后，得，到的能量变化为负值,这就意味着我们在这个过程中放出了能量。
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If the bonding energy is very strongly negative, thermal energy isn't great enough to disrupt those bonds and allow those bonds to be broken and then have fluidity.
如果键能非常强，热能并不足以,打破这些化学键,破坏这些化学键,并使它们液化。
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And remember again, the binding energy physically is the negative of the ionization energy, and that's actually how you can experimentally check to see if this is actually correct.
电离能的负值，那个事实上是可以,通过实验来验证，它是否是对的,并且它等于负的。
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Now, your temptation is to keep the first answer because you know energy is not going to be negative.
你肯定想保留正根,因为你知道能量不会是负值
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So now we can just take the negative of that binding energy here, and I've just rounded up here or 1 . 4 times 10 to the negative 19 joules.
等于4是第三激发态,现在我们可以取它结合能的负值,也就是1。4乘以10的负19次方。
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Right, because when we think of an energy diagram, that lowest spot there is going to have the lowest value of the binding energy or the most negative value of binding.
对因为当我们考虑,一个能量图时那里最低的点,是具有最低的结合能,或者最不活跃的结合能。
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So, for example, in a hydrogen atom, if you take the binding energy, the negative of that is going to be how much energy you have to put in to ionize the hydrogen atom.
例如在氢原子里面,如果你取一个结合能,它的负数就是。
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And we haven't talked about reactions at all yet, so you don't need to worry about the specifics of that exactly, but just that if you have this negative change in energy, you have a more stable product than you do reactant.
当然我们还没有开始讨论反应，所以你不用担心它的细节是怎么样的，你只需要知道，如果能量的变化是负值，那么你将得到一个比反应物更稳定的生成物。
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So, let's compare this to the energy of the h 2 molecule, and we find that that's negative 3,048 kilojoules per mole.
那么，让我们将它与氢分子的能量比一比，我们发现氢分子的能量是负的，3048，千焦每摩尔。
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And we know what that's equal to, this is something we've been over and over, ionization energy is simply equal to the negative of the binding energy.
而且你知道它等于什么，这是我们说过一遍又一遍的，电离能就等于,负的束缚能。
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And an important thing to note is in terms of what that physically means, so physically the binding energy is just the negative of the ionization energy.
一个需要注意的很重要的事情,是它的物理意义，从物理角度来说结合能,仅仅是电离能的负数。
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Another way to say that it's going to be less, so you don't get confused with that the fact this is in the numerator here, there is that negative sign so it's less energy but it's a bigger negative number that gives us that less energy there.
另一个方式去说它将会变得很低实用，你们不用在这里的计算器的事实感到迷惑,这里有一个负号实用，它是更少的能量,但它是一个更大的数字,这里了它给了我们更少的能量。
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Just to get you oriented, this is energy decreasing from zero to progressively negative numbers.
只是为了让你们多了解些这方面的东西，在这里能量,从0开始逐渐递减到负数。
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And the change in energy for this reaction is negative 349 kilojoules per mole.
然后得到这个过程的能量变化为,负的，349，千焦每摩尔。
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And when we say lower in energy, of course, what we mean is more negative.
当然当我们说能量更低时，我们的意思是更为不活跃。
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We know that binding energy is always negative, ionization energy is always positive.
我们知道结合能，总是负的，电离能总是正的。
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The ionization energy, of course, is just the negative of the binding energy.
电离能，我们知道也就是,负的结合能。
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So, let's change our graph where we now have this zero point set as the two individuals hydrogen atoms, and then we see that our h 2 molecule is at the negative of the dissociation energy, or the negative what that bond strength is.
那么让我们把曲线图中的零点能改到,两个分离的氢原子处，那我们就会看到,氢分子就是负的离解能，或者负的键的强度。
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We will never have a case where ionization energy is negative.
我们绝不会见到一个,电离能是负值的情况。
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And that's going to be equal to the negative the binding energy of 2 s in b, in neutral boron.
它应该等于中性硼原子中,2，s，电子的束缚能的负值。
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So, an energy deficit, accelerating charge, the accelerating negative charge, because it's the negatives that are orbiting the positive center.
能量的损失，加速电荷，加速的负电荷，因为这是负电荷,围绕在正电荷中心的周围。
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