I think we need a whole electricity distribution system, which is more efficient and bigger, more flexible and more appropriate than we have.
我们需要一个更加有效,更加庞大,更加灵活的配电系统,的配电系统。
It turns out that when you're talking about macroscopic properties of matter, you don't need very many variables to describe the system completely thermodynamically.
实际上,当你谈及物质的宏观性质时,你并不需要很多变量才能从热力学上,完整地描述这个系统,’
So, if we want to go from that stable state to that less stable state, we need to put in a certain amount of energy to our system, that difference between the free electron and the electron bound to the metal.
所以,如果我们想使电子,从稳态到达不够稳定的状态,我们需要引入一定数量的,能量到系统中,即自由电子和束缚于金属的,电子的能量差。
By "Present," We mean-- we will pick some part of the universe we want to study and we will ask, "What information do I need to know for that system at the initial time, like, right now, in order to be able to predict the future?"
我们所说的"现在",意思是,我们会选取客观世界某一部分来进行研究,然后我们就会问,我们需要什么信息去了解,初始时刻的系统,比如现在,进而能使我们能够预测未来呢
That's why all these arguments that we all get into these days about third-party political candidates what do we really need in our political culture, what would break apart the stagnation of our two-party system, if that's what people want or put more directly, will Michael Bloomberg run or not?
这就是我们今天为何面对这些争论,关于第三方党派的候选人,也就是我们的政治文化中究竟需要什么,什么能打破我们两党制停滞不前的现状呢,如果这是人民所愿,或者更直接的说,迈克尔.布隆伯格的做法行得通吗
Now that's changing the more years that pass the more of you have 64-bit computers and the more servers have many, many gigabytes of RAM and so you need actually 64-bits, but for now let's assume a common system whereby a pointer just by definition of the homework is 32 bits.
现在计算机也在改变,也有更多的人,使用64位的计算机,更多的服务器有很多,很多G的内存,那样你就需要64位的,现在我们假设通常的系统中,根据家庭作业所定义的,一个指针为32位。
This notation gives you everything you need to know about the system.
这种记号可以提供给你,关于这个系统的所有你需要知道的信息。
You need to know if it's an equilibrium, and you also need to know how many components you have in your system So, a glass of ice water with an ice cube in it, which is a heterogeneous system, has only one component, which is water, H2O.
要知道它是不是平衡的,你还需要知道,你的系统中有多少组分,一杯放了冰块的水,虽然它是个非均匀系统,但它只有一种组分,那就是水。
So you don't want to put in a negative energy, that's not going to help you out, you need to put in positive energy to get an electron out of the system. So that's why you'll find binding energies are always negative, and ionization energies are always going to be positive, or you could look at the equation and see it from there as well.
因为这对电离没有帮助,你需要一个正的能量,使得电子脱离这个系统,这就是为什么你会发现,结合能总是负的而电离能总是正的,或者你们看这个方程也可以发现这一点。
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