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What do we make of these allusions to divine colleagues or subordinates in light of Kaufman's claims regarding biblical monotheism?
参照考夫曼的一神论主张，我们如何理解这些暗示？,他们的地位等同于，还是次于上帝？
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It brought Judean religion closer to monotheism because you have the insistence of worshiping one god in his one central sanctuary.
它使犹太人的宗教更接近于一神崇拜因为,对只崇拜一个神并且以他为祭祀中心的坚持。
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He argued that monotheism and polytheism are so radically distinct that one could not possibly have evolved from the other.
他认为一神论和多神论是截然不同的,不可能是一个由另一个进化而来。
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So a third way has emerged in the last 20 years, or 15 years or so, and it's one that seeks to avoid this dichotomy between polytheism and monotheism.
因此出现了第三种解释，在过去20年或15年间，它试图避免,将多神论和一神论一分为二。
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He says the pagan idea, and I quote, "does not approach Israelite monotheism as it diminishes the number of its gods. The Israelite conception of God's unity entails His sovereign transcendence over all." That's the real issue.
考夫曼认为，异教思想，“即使缩小了神的数量，也和以色列的一神论不同,以色列中上帝的概念还包含了他对世间万物,至高无上的统治，“这是一个实际问题。
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But monotheism was judged to be the best and purest form of religion.
而一神论则被认为是最好最纯净的宗教形式。
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What is so new and revolutionary about monotheism?
一神论有何创新性？
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Well according to one school of thought ; there isn't anything particularly revolutionary about monotheism; and the classical account of the rise of monotheism, that has prevailed for a very long time, runs as follows, and I have a little flow chart here to illustrate it for you.
曾经某个思想学派告诉我们,一神论其实没有什么独特的新颖之处;,而它却能飞速崛起，备受重视，盛行了很长一段时间，正如我下面要提到的，我这儿有一些图来帮助你们理解。
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The ritual cult of the Israelites may look like that of their neighbors but it functioned very differently; its purpose was drastically different from that of Israel's neighbors. The Israelites like their neighbors may have set up a king over themselves. But Israelite monarchy differed from Canaanite monarchy in significant ways because of their monotheism.
从祭拜仪式上看，以色列人和邻国类似,但操作起来很不一样，而目的则完全相反,以色列人可能会像邻国那样,拥立一位君主，然而受一神论的影响,以色列的君主政体和迦南地区的有明显差异。
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There's a clear tendency in this story towards monotheism in the abstract terms that Kaufman described.
这里有明显的一神论倾向,在Kaufman言辞抽象的表述中。
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