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The modern state, as we have come to understand it, is based upon the separation of civil society from governing authority.
我们所了解的现代国家，是根据,区隔公民社会与统治当局的角度来看。
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Hobbes provided us with the definitive language in which even today we continue to speak about the modern state.
霍布斯提供了一种权威性的概念,而直到今天,我们依然用它来描述现代国家。
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The modern state in action, the absolute state in action is the army.
现代国家,或者说极权的运作,实际上就是军队的运作
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Hobbes, again, along with Machiavelli, was one of the great architects of the modern state.
霍布斯，再一次，同马基雅维利一样，是现代国家的伟大建构者。
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Hobbes, in other words, tried to render acceptable, tried to render palatable, what Machiavelli had done by providing a more precise and more legal and institutional framework for the modern state.
霍布斯，换句话说，试图去变得易于接受，试图去变得更加愉快，马基雅维利的做法是,给现代国家提供一个,更加精确，更加法定的机构性框架。
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What we might call today the modern state.
我们在今日可称之为现代国家。
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Now, one of the points I made last week, for those of you who were here, is that one of the themes that ties European history together is the growth of the modern state, of state-making.
上节课来了的人可能记得,我谈到一个观点,现代国家的形成和民族国家的构建,是联系欧洲历史的一个主题
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Machiavelli is the founder, the discoverer, the inventor of the modern state.
马奇亚维利是创始人，发明人，他发明了现代国家。
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Hobbes gives us the definitive language of the modern state.
他对我们如何理解现代国家,具有决定性作用。
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So, the modern state, as we know it and still have it, in many ways grew out of the Hobbesian desire for security and the fear of death that can only be achieved at the expense of the desire for honor and glory.
所以我们知道的现代国家的建立,正如霍布斯所论,是人们对安全的渴求而导致的,只要一个人仍对荣誉有着强烈的渴求,他就永远不会对死亡产生恐惧。
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For this reason, Plato has often been cast as a kind of harbinger of the modern totalitarian state.
因此柏拉图,常被视为是现在,极权主义国家的先驱。
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This account should be instantly recognizable as the state of modern democracy in some ways.
这种解释应可立即,从现代的民主国家中辨识出来。
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He seems, in this way, to anticipate what we might think of as the modern welfare state that public assistance be provided, and the poor, not simply depend on the private goodwill of the others.
如此看来,霍布斯已经预见到了,我们现代社会国家福利制度的出现，穷人不只依靠个人的善意施舍度日,更多的是求助于国家提供的福利保障。
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