All right. So please raise your hand now if you think there'll be sufficient energy to eject electrons from the metal surface?

好的，如果你们认为,有足够的能量从金属表面,射出电子请举手？

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, the take-home message is whether you have three photons or 3,000,000 photons that you're shooting at your metal, if you're not at that minimum frequency or that minimum energy that you need, nothing is going to happen.

所以，这里表明的信息是,无论是向金属发射3个光子,还是300万个光子,如果没有达到所需的最低频率,或者最小能量,什么事情都不会发生。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, we do this here for the photoelectric effect, and in terms of the photoelectric effect, what we know the important point is that the incoming photon has to be equal or greater in energy then the work function of the metal.

所以，我们做这个是为了说明，光电效应，在光电效应方面，我们知道的最重要的事情,就是入射的光子能量必须等于,或者大于金属的功函数。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, one difference between photoelectron spectroscopy and, for example, the photoelectric effect is that in this case, we're not just looking at one energy level, which is what we were looking at from the surface of a metal, now we're talking about this gaseous atom.

光电子能谱与光电效应的不同点在于，以这种情况为例，我们不只关心一个能级，就像原来在金属表面那样，现在我们研究的是气体原子，所以，我们可以从原子中。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, if we want to go from that stable state to that less stable state, we need to put in a certain amount of energy to our system, that difference between the free electron and the electron bound to the metal.

所以，如果我们想使电子,从稳态到达不够稳定的状态，我们需要引入一定数量的,能量到系统中，即自由电子和束缚于金属的,电子的能量差。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, for example, here we're showing rubidium and potassium and sodium plotted where we're plotting the frequency -- that's the frequency of that light that's coming into the metal versus the kinetic energy of the electron that's ejected from the surface of the metal.

让大家看来都是可以理解的事情,就是把不同金属的观测结果,画到一张图里面来，例如这里,我们展示的是钠，钾,铷的频率-这是照射金属的光的频率,和金属表面出射电子动能的关系。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

now we're not just talking about 1 photon, 1/2 let's say we shoot them all at the same time at our metal, each of them having some energy that's let's say 1/2 the work function. So, just to take a little bit of an informal survey, who thinks here that we will have an electron that is ejected in this case?

我们现在不仅仅讨论一个光子，它们所具有的能量是功函数的，我们在同一时刻把它们打到金属上,我们做一个不太正式的调查,谁认为这种情况下,一个电子会被打出？

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选