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If I want a copy of the string, I've got to whip out my week 1 skills of just iterating with a four loop from left to right and make copies of those characters.
我需要那个字符串的一个拷贝，我使用,第一周的技巧，从左到右做四次迭代,然后复制这4个字符。
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Let's assume that we have this plasmid cloning vector and we have some pieces of DNA that we would like to put into a plasmid that we would like to make copies of.
假设我们已经有了克隆质粒载体,也有了我们想要将之,整合到质粒上的某些DNA片段,同时也是我们所要复制的DNA片段
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Well, the genes that survive are going to be the ones that make the most copies of themselves.
能存活的基因是,能进行最多自我复制的基因。
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But here, for example, the idea is to make many copies of a protein for use as a pharmaceutical.
不过这里,举例来说,这个构想是把蛋白质作为药物来量产
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You take that plasmid; you put in the micro-organism you're going to make many,many copies of that plasmid.
你把一个质粒放进微生物体内,你就会得到,很多很多质粒的拷贝
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They basically make many, many copies of their DNA and they make all of their viral proteins and they assemble into new viral units.
它们会生成不计其数的病毒基因拷贝,并翻译生成病毒蛋白,组装成新的病毒单位
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One of the main things that we use cell culture or maintenance of cells outside the body for is to make more copies of cells.
我们培养细胞,或者体外维持细胞的重要步骤,就是复制更多的细胞
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This is another way to clone or make many copies of a gene of interest.
这是另一种克隆出许多,你感兴趣的基因的方法
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They differentiate, they make many copies of themselves - I'm sorry they proliferate, they make many copies of themselves, and then they differentiate into antibody production machines.
它们开始分化,再制造很多自身的拷贝,对不起应该是先扩增,扩增出很多自身的拷贝,然后分化成为制造抗体的机器
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One of the properties that you would like a plasmid to have is you'd like for cells to be able to replicate it, to make more copies of it.
所以你所希望质粒具备的一个属性,就是得能让细胞复制它,制造出更多的拷贝
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Here's an example where we'd like to make insulin, or having the insulin gene would be useful, but if we could take the insulin gene and make many copies of the insulin protein that would be a very useful thing.
例子就是我们人工制造胰岛素,胰岛素基因就很有用,但如果我们可以用胰岛素基因,复制很多胰岛素蛋白,这将会是非常有裨益的一件事
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It's really been a powerful tool in molecular biology because I might have a very small copy of a gene that I'm interested in and I can make enough copies that I can start to do something else with it.
这确实是分子生物学的一项利器,因为我可能只有,很少量的感兴趣的基因拷贝,而我可以马上制造出足够数量的复制品,能使我用作其他用途
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If I want to clone a gene from a human, if I want to clone the gene for human isulin, mean make many copies of the gene that's responsible for making insulin, I need to know whether there are introns there or not.
如果我想要从一个人类个体克隆基因,如果我想要克隆人类胰岛素基因,亦即我要把负责生成胰岛素的基因,复制许多个副本,我就得要知道哪些是内含子,哪些不是
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You're not just trying to clone the DNA, you're trying to also clone or make many copies of the protein.
你不仅想要复制DNA,更想要克隆或是制造,许许多多的蛋白质产物
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You have a fragment of some kind of DNA that you would like to clone or make many copies of.
你有了某种DNA的片段,想要克隆,复制它
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How did we put our gene fragments into this plasmid DNA in order to make multiple copies of it, or to clone the gene?
如何把基因片段整合到质粒DNA上,来获得大量拷贝,或者说来克隆基因呢
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that means that the cells have to be able to replicate the DNA on the plasmids, in order to make many more copies of it.
就是说这些细胞要能够,复制质粒上的DNA,以得到更多的拷贝
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How do you make many copies of cloned DNA?
那怎么大量克隆DNA呢
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So the process of cloning DNA is taking a few strands of DNA of a gene that you're interested in and making many copies of them, that's cloning,you like to make identical copies.
所以DNA克隆的过程,就是用你所感兴趣的,基因的一些DNA链,来得到更多它们的拷贝,这就是克隆,复制出相同的拷贝
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That DNA gets replicated to make many more copies of the viral DNA using host mechanisms, that is, often using the DNA polymerase which is naturally present in the host cell for its own replication.
病毒DNA进行复制,通常是利用在宿主细胞自身的有关物质,利用宿主细胞中天然存在的,DNA聚合酶来大量复制病毒DNA
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We're going to have DNA that we would like to make lots of copies of, or we're going to have DNA that we would like to get expressed in a cell, and we're going to put it in this region that's called the polylinker.
我们将那些需要得到很多拷贝数的DNA,或者需要在细胞中表达的DNA,整合到这个叫做多克隆位点的区域中
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