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Now in addition to defining literature, literary theory also asks questions obviously not unrelated but which open up the field somewhat.
除了定义文学以外，文学理论还提出一些,显然不是不相关，却开辟了新领域的问题。
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History produces literature; and not just literary history, but social history, produces literature.
历史衍生文学;,但是不仅仅是文学历史，社会历史也能产生文学。
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But the parting genius is also a part of Milton's own genius, his literary genius, that aspect of his literary career and his literary expertise that has been nourished and fed, lovingly fed, by classical literature.
但这些逝去的天赋也是弥尔顿的天赋的一部分，还有他的文学事业方面的天赋,和被古典文学，深深滋养的才能。
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This is an aspect of thought concerning literature that tends to fall out of literary theory but not out of the materials that we are reading this week.
这样其实是在,脱离了文学理论的框架来思考文学，但我们,还是要联系上这周在读的内容。
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This isn't the last time this will happen during the course of the syllabus, our job is to bring out the implications for literature of texts that we read that don't have any direct bearing on literary study.
而且以后你们还会读到很多和文学没有关系的东西,在课程大纲里，我们的任务是,读懂文学的含义,但是课程里却又很多东西和文学无关。
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Many of the issues that I raised in talking about defining literature are as relevant for literary criticism as they are for literary theory, and yet we all instinctively know that these are two very different enterprises.
当讨论文学的定义时，我提出的许多问题,对于文学理论和文学评论都同样相关，但我们都知道,它们是两个不同的概念。
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It's a course which is absolutely fascinating in all sorts of ways, and it has one very important thing in common with literary theory: that is to say, literary criticism is, too, perpetually concerned with the definition of literature.
这门课在各方面都很棒，而且它与文学理论有一个重要的相似之处：,即文学评论也永远会关注，文学的定义问题。
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All of this has to be yoked together in the imagery of a good poem, particularly of a metaphysical poem, and this model of complexity is what matters both for modern literature and for literary criticism.
一首好诗,的应该融合这些意象，尤其一首玄学诗，同时，这种复杂性,在现代文学,和文学批评中都十分重要。
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That's why I gave you the extraordinary passage on your sheet, the end of Tynjanov's "On Literary Evolution," written also 1927, written also, in other words, in response to Trotsky's Literature and Revolution.
这就是为什么我给你们了这篇精彩的文章阅读，1927年蒂尼亚诺夫在，文学进化，中写道，这也是，他对托洛斯基，文学与革命，的回应。
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You remember in the first lecture I said there's a difference between the history of criticism and theory of literature, one difference being that the history of criticism has a great deal to do with literary evaluation: that is to say, why do we care about literature and how can we find means of saying that it's good or not good?
你们还记得吗，第一节课我说过,文学评论历史和文学理论有一个重大区别，那就是文学评论的历史,很大程度上与文学评估有关：,意思就是我们为什么要关心文学,还有我们怎么能说一部作品是好还是坏？
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