They are linked together by four different colored segments indicated here not by colors now but by letters.

它们由四个不同颜色的片段连接,这里不是用颜色表示,是用字母表示

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That's due to the asymmetry of the nucleotide, that there's a 5' and a 3' end and the way that they're linked together.

这是由于核苷酸的非对称性造成的,这里是5'端和3'端,这就是它们连接在一起的方式

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So what's going to form the backbone is this continual link, phosphate to sugar, phosphate to sugar, phosphate to sugar, all linked together to form one long, long molecule.

主链是由这样重复的连接构成的,从磷酸到戊糖,周而复始,所有这些连接起来构成一个长链分子

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We're familiar with polymers, plastics in our daily life; the chairs that you're sitting on are made of a kind of a plastic polymer that is basically an organic chemical that is cross-linked together.

我们应该很熟悉聚合物,比如日常生活中的塑料就是,你们坐的椅子,就是由一种塑料聚合物构成,它由基本的有机化学物质交联在一起

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The IgM is really five IgG-type molecules that are linked together through disulfide bonds, such that their FC portions are all pointing in and their antibody binding portions are all pointing out.

gM是由五个IgG分子组成的,IgG分子之间通过二硫键连接,免疫球蛋白尾部的FC片段都指向内侧,而抗体的抗原结合位点都指向外侧

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选