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When cells become more like cells of the mature brain they're said to differentiate into brain cells.
当细胞变得越来越像成熟的脑细胞的时候,我们就称其为分化成了脑细胞
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So if you have a bad heart, then a scientist can take like, cells from your leg,
所以，如果你心脏不好，科学家就可以从你的腿上提取干细胞，
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These are sort of the cells, if you like, in memory that are holding the elements of the list.
记忆就像是数组中的元素,我们之前说的是，我在这里开始并且比较。
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Like many cells in neurons, the shape of the cell is intimately related to its function within the organism.
同许多种神经细胞一样,这个细胞的形状和,它们在生物体中执行的功能紧密相关
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is that the, like the best stem cells come from human embryos.
是因为最好的干细胞来自于人类的胚胎。
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An asymmetrical division is not like that, it's when a parent cell forms two cells that are different in some way.
而不对称分裂就不是这样,当母细胞分裂为两个子细胞时,会有一些不同
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It's able to do that because there are cells like this particular cell that have shapes that are suited to their function.
之所以这样是因为它的细胞像这个,染色细胞一样具有与功能相适应的外形
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The same way cells that form the limb become more like muscle cells or skin cells, or the structures that become the limb.
同样的,形成上肢的细胞,变得越来越像肌肉或皮肤细胞,或者上肢的其他结构
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It turns out that getting large molecules like this, particularly large charged molecules like nucleic acids, inside of cells is not so easy.
后来证实,将这样的大分子物质,尤其是像核酸这样带有大量电荷的分子,送入细胞不是一件容易的事
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We have tissues like the brain which are assembled to do functions that are different from any other groups of cells in the body.
像我们的脑组织,它们的功能,就截然不同于身体其他部分的细胞功能
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You would like to get the gene that you're interested in expressed in some population of cells within the body but not in other cells.
我们希望目的基因,在一些细胞中表达,在另一些中不表达
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As division happens and the developing organism acquires more and more cells, individual cells become differentiated, they become more and more like their final mature form.
分裂过程不断发生,以及发育中的有机体对更多细胞的需求,细胞个体便逐渐分化,它们越来越接近成熟细胞的样子
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It's this tube-like structure, which is made of many, many epithelial cells all directly adjacent to each other, is what separates the outside world from our internal bodies.
这些管状结构,也是由许许多多上皮细胞,互相连接而成的,它使体内和体外,区分开来
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There's one division, here it shows it at the 16 cell stage and then here, and this transformation as it goes from 16 cells to more like 64 cells.
这是第一次分裂,这里显示的是十六细胞期,然后在这里,在这里胚胎进一步的产生了变化,由十六个细胞分裂为约六十四个
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One of the properties that you would like a plasmid to have is you'd like for cells to be able to replicate it, to make more copies of it.
所以你所希望质粒具备的一个属性,就是得能让细胞复制它,制造出更多的拷贝
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Each of us has something like 10^14 cells.
我们每个人都由约100万亿个细胞构成
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I'll talk about what that means, encoding insulin means in a minute, but there's a gene that tells your body what insulin looks like and that gets transcribed but only in those cells that make insulin.
一会儿,我将会讨论基因编码胰岛素的意义,所有细胞都含有相同的胰岛素基因,它决定胰岛素的结构以及如何被转录,但是只有胰腺细胞才能产生胰岛素
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There are different kinds of cell walls in bacteria but they have a rigid cell wall and our cells don't have a rigid cell wall, we have a fluid lipid like cell wall.
细菌有不同种类的细胞壁,但都很坚固,人类细胞没有坚固的细胞壁,我们有一层类似细胞壁的流动的脂类
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I've shown the differences here in terms of shape, these are shaped liked octagons and these are shaped like squares, but if I looked at these cells, what would I find that's really different about them?
我展示了一些细胞形态上的差异,这些细胞是八角形的,这些是方形的,但如果仔细观察这些细胞,我能找到一些本质上的差异吗
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So being a micro-organism that got a plasmid that give you resistance to an antibiotic would be a good thing - that gave you resistance to something that naturally killed cells like you in your environment would be a good thing.
假如一个微生物,因含有质粒而具有抗生素抗性,这实在是一桩美事--,在同样的环境下,普通细胞会被杀死,而你们这些具有抗性的细胞却安然无恙,这实在太棒了
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If you go to the right region of an adult brain you might be able to find cells like this but it's more difficult.
如果你在一个成人大脑的正确区域找,你也许能找到这样的细胞,但会更困难一些
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