We know now that it's caused by a related virus, called vaccinia, remember the virus that causes smallpox is called variola.

我们现在知道这病由一种相关的病毒引起,这种病毒叫牛痘病毒,想想天花病毒也被叫做牛痘病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Humoral comes from the term humours and it used to be that we thought about disease as being caused by the balance of humours in our blood.

体液一词来源于体液学说,过去认为疾病的产生,与血中的体液平衡有关

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Once the rumor got started that Asia was in trouble, these people started withdrawing their money faster and faster and it caused failures of domestic banks in these countries.

一时间流言四起,亚洲陷入困境,资金加速流出,这些国家的本土银行纷纷倒闭

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

It was not easy to bring them together but when they had a common goal that brought them-- that caused the interconnection and then the contact led to moral feeling.

要让他们互相接触并不容易,但当他们有了共同目标-,他们就会互相联系,从而接触就产生了道德情感。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

When you've got a view about cause and effect that works this way-- for everything that happens, there's some earlier thing that caused it to happen such that given that earlier cause, the event had to follow-- that's a deterministic picture.

当你认为因和果,是以这种方式互相作用的,对于所发生的一切,总有些事先发生,然后它们导致这些事发生,于是一旦给定了前因,这些后果必定会接着发生,这是一个决定论的图景

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The idea that emerged the memory of the '81-82 recession is very strong in our imagination because we think that it was caused by lax monetary policy by liberal thinking by the soft-hearted liberals who just didn't want to create any pain and suffering.

出现的观点,在我们的想象中,81-82年的经济衰退很严重,因为我们认为它是由于,松懈的货币政策，不拘一格的思想,那些仁慈的不想制造任何痛苦和疲劳的,自由主义者引发的。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

So, it's more effective because it's a live virus but it's a little bit more concerning because it's a live virus as well, in that you trust that it's attenuated but could it convert back to a virulent form or a form that caused a disease.

因此,口服疫苗更加有效,因为它是活性病毒,但又是因为这一点,人们也存有更多顾虑,当它处于减毒状态时你会信任它,但是它会不会转变回,强毒壮态或者致病状态呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选