A thousand times in a thousand ways anybody who studies the American Civil War period is inevitably asked, "So what caused this war?"
每个研究美国内战史的人,总会不可避免地被人们反复问道,"究竟是什么导致了这场战争"
So the nature of the world, post-cold war world is increasingly one about competition for markets, govern of one nation's markets.
因此冷战之后,市场的竞争,成为世界的主题,一国市场的管理,如果事实如此。
If you look at the history of U.S. Taxes, the very simple history is World War One and World War Two.
如果你看一下美国税收历史,里面提到了一个典型的时期,就是一次世界大战和二次世界大战的时候。
First of all, we have to remember that sending people to war is not necessarily implying that they'll die.
首先,我们要明确,把人们送去参战,并不一定代表他们会死。
Sovereign is to have supreme command over life and death, war and peace, what is to be taught and heard.
君主对人的生死,和平或是战争,均拥有至高无上的权力,其他人等只有服从命令。
So, there we go. But somewhat here in war and peace of battle is slowly being relegated to the background.
所以战争与和平问题,就慢慢转移到这个背景上
Most of you have read Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway, and you should recognize that her treatment of in Mrs. Dalloway is a treatment of a traumatized war victim.
多数人应该都读过弗吉尼亚,伍尔夫的《戴洛维夫人》,那么你们应该发现,书中作者描写塞普蒂莫斯,史密斯,的治疗方法就是治疗战后创伤患者的方法。
Obviously, World War One is-- unleashes the demons of the twentieth century; nobody could have anticipated that all these empires would collapse.
很明显,一战,释放了二十世纪的恶魔,没人能料到,那些帝国会分崩离析
the subject is accepted and extended "You'd win the war with a new kind of poison gas!"
大家喜欢这内容,因而继续,“你在一次新型毒气战争中胜出“
He says that although "red war" is getting redder, it's really as it always has been.
他说尽管血红战争变得更加鲜红,它确实是像以往一样。
War is right at the center of it, and war itself requires political and social organization.
战争是故事的主题,战争就需要社会与政治的组织
In so many violent acts and so many people go to war, what they do is they paint their faces or they put on masks.
在很多暴行中,很多去打仗的人,他们会往脸上涂彩,或者戴面具。
Quickly, India and Pakistan, ? How do they get along? Has the prospects for war between the two countries we see is in the background? -Probably yes.
印度和巴基斯坦,它们的关系怎么样,这两个国家间潜在的战争,可能爆发吗?,-也许吧。
It is kind of haunting when you think it's only 1831 when he writes this, and that Civil War is still 30 years away: "Slavery brutalizes the black population and debilitates the white.
这段话在人们脑海中挥之不去,因为他写下这段话时才1831年,离开内战爆发还有30年时间,"奴隶制残害了黑人,也削弱了白人
I'm oversimplifying a little bit but between wars the rate tends to come down because people think, well the war is over.
我说得有点过于笼统了,但在战争期间,税率走势却有所下降,因为人们都觉得战争结束了。
So, you can see the whole period till 1945 is an even more horrible thirty years war than that of the seventeenth century.
你可以看出来这段时间一直到1945年,和十七世纪相比之下,是一个更可怕的"三十年战争"
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