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.. I wanted to just give some-- often the inventions that occur in finance, they seem in a way obvious.
我想说一些-,在金融领域常见的发明，从某种程度上来看，他们是很显见的。
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The idea that I want to develop is that the history of finance is a history of discrete inventions.
我想详述的观点是,金融学的历史由一项又一项技术发明组成。
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And so the stories couldn't have been simple inventions, and that began a new phase in the story. And, again, to repeat what I said last time, there were certain stunning physical resemblances between what Homer said and what we could see.
所以,神话传说并不只是人们的空想,这样事情就有所不同了,同时,我重复下我上次所说的,《荷马史诗》所描述的世界,在当今确有令人吃惊的实物证据
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Some of the important figures-- there had to be certain inventions to make it work.
一些重要人物以及,重要的创新推动了保险的发展
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Over your lifetime, there are going to be a lot more inventions like this.
在你们的一生中，会有许多这样的发明创造。
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Both of these were ideas that were copied all over the world-- that's the way inventions are-- so a lot of insurance policies today have cash values.
以上两个点子后来在全世界被广泛使用,这就是创新,所以现在的很多保单都是有现金价值的
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They didn't think of financial inventions as worthy of patents.
他们认为金融创新算不上什么专利。
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Well, in insurance there's a similar list of inventions.
在保险学的发展中也有一系列类似的突破
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Again, I'm repeating a theme that is in my book, New Financial Order, that financial innovation and insurance innovation is a succession of inventions and each invention propels the idea more forward.
我要再一次强调我的《金融新秩序》,这本著作的主题之一就是,金融创新与保险创新,是前后相继的一系列创新活动,每一步创新都推动着保险理论向前发展
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So financial inventions also involve experimentation.
金融创新也会涉及实验
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But a lot of the inventions that matter to us are extremely simple.
但是很多发生在我们身边的发明,都是极其简单的。
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Traditionally, financial inventions were not granted patent rights, but now in the United States and in a number of other countries it has become possible to patent financial inventions.
传统的金融产品,是没有专利的,但现在,在美国,和其他的一些国家中,金融产品也拥有了专利
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Although, I said, insurance was effectively discovered or invented in the 1600s, it has been slow to grow because they didn't have the well-defined-- all of the inventions yet.
尽管我说过，保险实际上,是在17世纪的时候被发现或者发明的，但它的发展非常缓慢,因为人们无法确切定义-,这种被发明出的东西。
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One thing about inventions is that we have something called patents.
关于发明，有个词叫做专利。
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Oftentimes, inventions that seem, in the abstract, to be good ideas may be impossible because something that you have to do to make it actually come into practice is too expensive and so it's not economic to produce the invention.
通常在理论上,创新固然不错,但却很难实现,因为把创意变成现实,花费会相当的昂贵,实现这样的创意非常不合算
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