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I want to talk about certain kinds of monoline insurance companies that-- the biggest--one category is property and casualty.
下面我想分类介绍一下,单线保险公司,最大的一类是财产保险公司
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Ideally, life insurance is insuring people-- or fire insurance is insuring people-- against independent events, so it's not the fire of London.
理想状态下,人寿保险,或者是火灾险,承保的对象都是独立事件,伦敦大火的例子不在讨论范围
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People, for example, take out life insurance so that-- well, here's what seems to be the explanation.
比如人们，为自己买人寿保险-,这个行为的理由可能就是。
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Notably, we saw Hurricane Katrina that caused huge property damage in--a couple of years ago-- that, kind of, tested insurance companies again.
尤其是卡特里娜飓风,在几年前它导致了巨大的财产损失,这又是一个对保险公司的考验
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I stressed in the third lecture that like any--insurance, like any other risk management device, is an invention.
在第三次课上我已经强调过了,保险和其它风险管理工具一样,是一种发明
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Then you need, as well--you need government regulation because the insurance companies don't seem to exist without it.
此外,还需要有政府制定的相关法规,因为没有相关法规保险公司就不会存在
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Before I get to that let me just say-- I want to just mention a few types of insurance that are important.
在讨论这个之前我想先说说...,我想讲几种类型的保险,它们很重要
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The same question was rephrased in another way, without mentioning the word insurance-- they just described it.
同样的问题，但另一种提问方式，没有提到保险这个字眼-,而仅仅是对保险做了描述。
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These are private companies--insurance companies--they're monoline because they look only at a certain class of risks and not all risks that they insure.
他们是私人保险公司,从事单线业务,因为他们只关注一类特定风险,而不是担保所有的风险
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We're seeing what they call systemic effects-- that's a very general term that goes beyond insurance.
我们现在看到了它的系统性作用,其影响远远超出了保险业自身
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Let's talk about life insurance-- and we're talking about kinds of policies that are around today.
不妨先讲述下寿险,我们讨论的是几种常见保单
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An insurance policy--the concept is very simple, we could talk about fire insurance or life insurance.
保单的概念其实很简单，我们可以谈谈火灾保险，或者人寿保险。
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Then of course, there's the other problem that the insurance company-- how does the insurance company reasonably specify that it can come through on this policy?
之后，对保险公司来说,当然还存在其它问题-,保险公司怎样才能使一份保单上,载明的内容合理而有效被执行呢？
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We're also going to recognize, however, that insurance got a slow start because-- I believe it is because-- people could not understand the concept of probability.
不管怎么说,我们得承认,保险起步缓慢,因为...,我相信是因为...,人们无法理解概率的概念
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Life insurance is--what it insures is a beneficiary against the death of an insured.
寿险公司针对被保险人的死亡,向受益人提供保险
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Both of these were ideas that were copied all over the world-- that's the way inventions are-- so a lot of insurance policies today have cash values.
以上两个点子后来在全世界被广泛使用,这就是创新,所以现在的很多保单都是有现金价值的
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