So, when the voltage difference between the plates is zero, or when we just don't have the plates there at all, the cathode rays are not bent, they just go right in a straight line, and they can be detected on this screen.

拐弯来测试它们是否带电,当两板之间电压为零，或者根本就,没有这两个板时，阴极射线是一条直线,它可以在屏幕上。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

For, as Rutherford has shown the assumption of the existence of nuclei, as those in question seems to be necessary in order to account for the results of the experiments on large angle scattering of the alpha rays.

因此卢瑟福,提出了原子核存在的假设，这些关于问题的假设对于,解释阿尔法粒子的,大角度散射是有必要的。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

PROFESSOR: Yeah, that's right. So, what we have here, cathode rays we now know are negatively charged particles. And, in fact, he named these negatively charged particles. Does anyone know what he named them? No, not electrons - very good guess. He named them corpuscles.

学生：负电，教授：是的,我们现在知道，阴极射线是带负电的粒子,实际上他还给这些,带负电的粒子去了一个名字,有谁知道叫什么吗？

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

How do I posit-- why do I believe in x-rays, even though I don't see them?

我如何证实,我为什么会相信X射线是存在的,尽管我压根看不见它

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Because it came from optics, you know, rays of sunlight and so on And in fact, even when we first started pulling synthetic fiber, the first synthetic fiber cellulose was referred to as ray on, because it looked like a ray that was being pulled.

因为它源自光学，比如太阳光线等等,实际上，及时当我们首先开始抽出,人造纤维，第一根人造纤维的纤维素,叫做光线，因为那条在被抽出的纤维素,看起来像是一道光线。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, introduction, "in order to explain the results of experiments on scattering of alpha rays by matter, Professor Rutherford," and there is a footnote to the Rutherford model.

嗯，绪论，为了解释实验的结果,关于物质的alpha散射，卢瑟福说“,这儿有一个卢瑟福模型的脚注。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

This is h nu. X-rays coming in.

这是hv，X光出现了。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选