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It was granted a monopoly on joint stock banking by Parliament in return for giving war loans to the government.
作为向政府给予战争贷款的交换,英格兰银行被英国国会授予,成为股份制银行的垄断者。
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It did it through banks; they gave the money to banks to make loans to people who were in trouble.
贷款还是通过银行发放,他们把钱给银行,然后由银行向有困难的人放贷
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You can argue that the government, largely in person of Barney Frank messes things up by encouraging Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to make a market of loans t really have been made in the first place.
您可以说政府，尤指巴尼，弗兰克本人,让事情变得糟糕,他鼓励房利美和房地美,为贷款创造市场,他们实属不应该，they，shouldn’,设计这样的贷款。
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That's happened now primarily as the result of losses in, now all mortgages, but mortgages and levered loans.
这正在发生，主要是因为，现在所有的抵押贷款，包括抵押贷款和杠杆贷款上的损失。
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So Savings and Loans, traditionally, have made most of their loans in the form of home mortgages.
所以传统的储贷协会,所发放的贷款多为购房抵押贷款
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They were in a very risky position because subprime loans were already recognized as being risky.
这给银行带来极大风险,因为次级债早已被认为具有高风险
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Investment banks are very different in that a pure investment bank does not accept deposits and it doesn't make loans; it's an underwriter for securities.
投资银行是完全不同的,单纯的投资银行既不吸收存款,也不发放贷款,投行是证券承销商
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Saving and Loan Associations were making bad loans, especially in Texas, but in lots of other states as well -this is when Ronald Reagan was President.
当时储蓄贷款协会出现了不良贷款,尤其在德克萨斯州,不过在其它很多州也同时出现了...,当时的总统是罗纳德·里根
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In other words, securities that were themselves backed by subprime loans.
所谓次级债券,就是那些靠次级贷款担保的证券
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They invest in something long-term--notably, subprime loans.
所筹资金用于进行长期投资,例如次级贷款
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But the FSLIC wasn't; it was sleeping at the switch, so it allowed banks in the United States -it was primarily Savings and Loans who did this -to make bad loans and they were playing this moral hazard game.
但是FSLIC没有如此,制度变换初期他们对一切放任不管,于是这让美国的银行...,主要指的是那些储蓄贷款机构...,发放不良贷款,他们开始参与这项充满道德风险的游戏
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They'd borrow to buy them, so if the value of the subprime loans went down just a little bit the SIV would be in trouble.
结构投资公司还借钱购买次级债,所以只要次级债贬值一点点,他们就麻烦了
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