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Say we've got a human gene that we want to make and let's say it's the human gene for insulin that we want to produce now.
假设我们想合成出一个人类的基因,假设现在我们想合成的,是人类的胰岛素基因
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Now that's going to be important when we talk about making human gene - making human proteins inside alternate hosts like bacteria, that they can't do all the things that your cells can do.
这一步骤在我们谈到,利用像细菌那样的宿主,来生成人类蛋白时非常重要,因为细菌并不具备人类细胞的全部功能
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One of the forms of processing that happens, that's very important in human gene expression is that some of the sections of the DNA molecule are not really necessary for describing the protein.
在人类的基因表达中,有一种非常重要的加工形式,那就是在DNA分子中有一些片段,对于编码蛋白质而言毫无用处
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If I want to clone a gene from a human, if I want to clone the gene for human isulin, mean make many copies of the gene that's responsible for making insulin, I need to know whether there are introns there or not.
如果我想要从一个人类个体克隆基因,如果我想要克隆人类胰岛素基因,亦即我要把负责生成胰岛素的基因,复制许多个副本,我就得要知道哪些是内含子,哪些不是
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One of the ways that it's used is to take the fertilized egg from an animal, a mouse, usually it's a mouse and inject in a vector that contains a gene that is involved in human disease of some sort.
其中一种应用就是,从动物,一般是老鼠体内取出受精卵,注入某种质粒,这种质粒带有与某些人类疾病相关的基因
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If you can interfere with any stage in RNA processing you can stop a gene from being expressed and this is a very hot topic in molecular biology now and human therapeutics.
如果你能干扰RNA加工的任何一个阶段,你就能阻止一段基因的表达,这也是当今分子生物学,和新型疗法中非常热门的话题
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One way I could try to find the gene for human insulin is to take any cells from any of us, skin cells let's say, and I could identify where on the chromosomal DNA that insulin is likely to occur.
我能找到胰岛素基因的一个方法,是从任意一个人身上任意取一些细胞,比如说皮肤细胞,并且我知道胰岛素基因,可能出现在染色体DNA的哪一部分
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It's an example of a technology called a gene chip that allows you to, on each one of these spots there is DNA for example, that's specific for a particular gene in your genome, in the human genome for example.
这是一种叫做,基因芯片的技术,其上每个点可能代表着一种DNA,它是你基因组中一个特定的基因,亦或是人类基因组中的一个基因
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