You have to test it by giving the vaccine to a large population of people, and then watching and seeing if you've reduced the incidence of the disease.

这样的测试的做法只能是,给大量人群分发疫苗,接着观察和了解,这种疾病的发病率是否有所降低

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

All the sick people will come to you to buy life insurance and they will turn out to have a higher death rate than the population at large.

所有生病的人都会向你购买人寿险,而他们比普通人群,有着更高的死亡率

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选