It takes advantage of the specificity of the restriction enzymes, the fact that we know what the gene sequence that we're looking for, and using this technological process of electrophoresis to identify changes that we predict.

这个方法利用了限制酶特有的性质,我们知道我们在找什么样的基因序列,从而才能利用电泳这个技术流程,来识别出我们预计的情况

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That means the gene that encodes insulin, the sequence of base pairs that encode insulin.

这意味着基因编码了胰岛素,碱基序列编码了胰岛素

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

They do that in a very special way in that they - restriction enzymes are able to identify a particular sequence of bases in a gene.

限制性内切酶的工作机制很特别,它能识别基因中的一段特定的碱基序列

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

What if you knew what the sequence of a gene was?

假如人们知道了一段基因的序列

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

When we talk about gene expression than we're talking about this whole sequence of events I just described: transcription, RNA processing, translation to make the protein.

当我们谈到基因表达的时候,我们就是在讨论,一系列我们刚才提到的过程,即转录,RNA加工,翻译成蛋白质

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

When you think about a gene or a transcript, the messenger RNA copy of a gene, you know that for every sequence of a nucleic acid there's a complimentary sequence.

当你们考虑一段基因或者一个,转录一段基因的mRNA拷贝,你们知道每个核酸序列,都有互补序列

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

This label is DNA that might be made radioactive or made fluorescent, and it has a base pair sequence that is from some other region of the gene that you're interested in.

这种标签就是具有放射性,或者荧光性的DNA,它有一个取自于,你感兴趣的那段基因上,其他位置的碱基对序列

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In this case the promoter, which is a sequence of DNA that is positioned right in front of the gene of interest, the promoter is the betagalactoglobulin promoter in this case, and betagalactoglobulin is a milk protein.

这里涉及到的启动子,也是一段DNA序列,它必须刚好位于目的基因序列前端,我们用到的是β-乳球蛋白启动子,β-乳球蛋白是乳汁中的一种蛋白

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选