But it can be acquired in the air, from patients that are from- from other individuals that are infected.

天花会通过空气传播,通过病人和其他感染者呼出的空气传播

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This process, I said, this ancient process of taking scabs from patients and introducing them to people you wanted to protect, was called variolation.

这个过程,我想,这个从病人身上取痂,接种到你想保护的人身上的古老过程,叫做天花接种

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And other patients suffer from Lou Gehrig's diseases and so forth are not even able to speak at all, and not able to perhaps blink their eyes to communicate.

其他患有葛雷克氏症的人等等,甚至一点都不能说话，不能通过眨眼的方式与人交流。

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The other is that it's possible to get stem cells from patients, from bone marrow.

另外一个原因就是从病人的骨髓中,取得干细胞是可行的

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What if I collect that blood from patients that are already infected with Hepatitis B, purify the Hepatitis B protein, and inject that back into people?

如果我采集那些乙肝患者的血液,抽提出乙肝病毒的蛋白质,并且将其回注入人体内,将会如何呢

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The danger is that it's being purified from patients that have a disease and so you want to make sure that there's not other diseases that are present in that sample at the same time.

危险在于,这是从带有疾病的病人,身上纯化出来,因此你想确保,在那个样本中不会同时,携带其它疾病

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We did not yet have good methods for screening blood to look for HIV, we didn't have the ELISA technique that I--we talked about in section a few weeks ago and so there was a great concern that there might be other diseases that you'd be passing on from-- unknowingly from this subset of patients that you're isolating the vaccine from.

那时我们还没有一种好的方式,来从血液中筛查出HIV,也还没有ELISA技术,该技术我们在几周前的一个章节中谈到过,因此,那时仍存有,很大的担心,那就是你有可能,在不知情的情况下,被那些病人,感染上其它疾病,因为疫苗就是从他们身上提取出来的

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