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So dS for u and V fixed is greater than zero.
所以当内能u和体积V固定时，dS大于零。
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Yeah, so first of all, I always wanted to, at least, stay for a while in the U.S.
首先，我一直就想，想在美国至少呆一段时间。
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And the bigger lesson from that is that entropy, unlike energy u or enthalpy H, we could define an absolutely number for it.
热力学第三定律的一个更重要的推论是,与内能和自由焓不同，我们可以给上定义一个绝对的数值。
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Here is the price-earnings ratio for the U.S. stock market from 1881 to the present-- this is also on that spreadsheet that you have on the website.
这是美国股票市场的市盈率,从1881年至今,这份数据也在网站上的电子数据表上
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For example, a portion of pasta according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture would be about the amount of pasta that would be the size of a tennis ball.
比如说,意大利面的每日摄入量,根据美国农业部,是如此的份量,大概和网球一样大小
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If you think of two towns down here, Brive,b-r-i-v-e,famous for its rugby, and Tulle,t-u-l-l-e,which is a capital.
如果你可以想起来这儿的两个城镇,布瑞福,b-r-i-v-e,以英式橄榄球运动而负有盛名,图勒,t-u-l-l-e,是一个省的首府
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PROFESSOR BAWENDI: So the question was, for an isothermal expansion, delta u does not change, therefore, The answer is that's true only for an ideal gas.
你的问题是，在等温过程中，内能是否，这只对理想气体成立。
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I managed to find price indexes for Norway and Netherlands going back to 1890 and compared that with the U.S.
我找到了挪威和荷兰1890年的,价格指数数据,和当时的美国作比较
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For isothermal expansion, that means that delta u does not change, but delta q is equal to delta w?
在等温过程中，是不是内能不变，Δq等于Δw？
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We might ask for people from the U.S. and people outside the U.S.
也可以比较美国人和外国人的
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So, I just want to write a few examples down with a few values for delta u or delta H or delta S, and see whether we can get any clues from what we see.
我先写一些例子,例子包含一些内能，自由焓和熵的变化数值，然后看从中,我们能不能得到一些启示。
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So delta u of reaction is approximately equal T to negative Cv for the calorimeter times delta T.
所以反应的ΔU近似等于,负的量热计的Cv乘以Δ
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It's different in other countries; in Europe, they've had universal banking, which allowed banks to offer insurance for a much longer time but in the U.S.
这与其他国家是不同的,在欧洲,那里有综合银行,它们提供保险服务已经有很长一段时日了,但是在美国
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So here are results for pathway A, right, for delta u zero delta H zero. I didn't actually explicitly write it or did I?
这是路径A的结果，△U是零,△H是零，我没有明确地写出来,是吧？让我们把它再写一遍？
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And look at, for example, the V dependence of u.
考察u对V的。
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And we can we can do this in principle except for one important detail, which is that enthalpy just like energy u isn't measured on an absolute scale but on a relative scale, right?
除了一个重要的细节,就像能量U一样，它不是,以绝对标度度量的,而是以相对标度度量的，对吧？
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