Most advanced countries of the world today have a corporate profits tax rate for large corporations of about a third.

现在世界上大多数的发达国家,都征收企业所得税,对大企业来说税率大概是三分之一

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

For example, if Firm 2 shut down and Firm 1 produced its monopoly profits, that is, a monopoly quantity, that would maximize firm profits.

比如公司2停产而公司1生产垄断产量,垄断产量会使行业利润最大化

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There are non-profits, fine, but we--a lot of the stuff that has to be done for an economy is only going to get done through for-profit corporations.

还有非盈利组织,但是我们...,但是经济目标的实现只能通过,盈利性公司完成

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

And so if you sign a contract with the government for millions of dollars, you have guarantee to get your dollars back, plus whatever profits they allowed in the contract.

所有如果你和政府签订了合约,做了一个百万的大单子，你能保证拿到钱，和其他的利润,在合同里规定的利润。

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So that could be a firm, it could be a law firm, for example, and they're going to share equally in the profits .

比如说可能是个律师事务所,这两家公司平分利润

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Both firms have an incentive to undercut the other firm, driving down profits for both.

每个企业都有削弱对手的动机,最后他们的利润都下降了

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So payoffs for these firms are going to depend on profits, the payoffs.

每家公司的收益跟利润有关

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Like, for example, Wal-Mart might want to -they pay corporate profits tax.

比如沃尔玛,它需要上缴公司所得税

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Well, that leakage--that 1.5% or 2% that you pay your hedge fund manager- plus the 20% of profits really reduces the amount of return that's available for the owners of capital.

系统的损耗,大约1.5%或2%的管理费率,用来支付给对冲基金经理,加上20%的利润提成,显著减少了资本所有者,可以得到的回报

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

What I looked at--and I have this on the website, I have a chart showing corporate profits taxes paid, as a fraction of corporate profits for the United States since 1929.

就我所观察...关于这点在网站上有说明,我有个图表展示了自从1929年以来,实缴企业所得税占公司利润的百分率

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Revenues minus costs makes profits, and again, for those of you who are less familiar with economics, I'm hoping this is not really too hard but you can read up on it.

收入减去成本就是利润,对经济学不太了解的同学,我觉得这个很简单,你们都能听懂吧

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At the margin, I'm reaping, I'm bearing the cost for the extra unit of effort I contribute, but I'm only reaping half of the induced profits of the firm, because of profit sharing.

从边际角度分析,我承担了多付出的全部边际成本,但我却只能得到一半的边际收益,因为利润是均分的

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So, in particular, what we're going to do to find out what quantity q1 maximizes this profits for each choice of q2.

所以我们要算出来在不同的q2下,q1取什么值才能最大化利润

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