One thing that I wanted to emphasize in this course, or try to emphasize, is that part of finance is actually philanthropy.
在这堂课上我还要重点强调一点,或者说是试图强调,金融中的一部分,慈善事业
But I'm also proud of my alumni in this course who are not in the world of finance.
同时我也很为那些选修过这课的,却不在金融领域工作的毕业生们自豪
I think it's the most important theoretical concept that underlies finance and insurance, which we'll also talk about a little bit in this course.
我认为,这是构成金融学和保险学,最重要的理论核心概念,而这些我们在以后的课程中,还会再提到
There is another course--we have two basic courses in finance for undergraduates at Yale.
还有另外一门课,耶鲁共为,大学生准备了两门金融方面的基础课程
This is not a course in public finance.
这门课不是公共财政学。
I'm not going to stress public finance so much in this course but it seems-- I'm going to give the example of nineteenth century information technology and the nineteenth century invention of social security.
在这课上我不想过多强调,财政的重要性-,我将给大家举个例子,关于19世纪的信息技术,和19世纪社会保障的创新。
Finally, for the last lecture for this semester, I want to pull this together and talk about one of the themes that is summarized in terms of a theme of this course: the democratization of finance.
这学期的最后一节课,我想把这些内容融合在一起,讲讲我们这门课程,总的一个主题,那就是金融民主化
It's getting better year by year and the course of finance over your lifetime will be dramatic, so the financial institutions that we have ten years from now will look very different from the ones we have now.
年复一年,金融技术越来越出色,而在你们的有生之年,金融学的课题,都将引人注目,正因为此,和今天的金融机构相比,十年后的金融机构,会有着巨大的差距
The teaching fellows are very international and that reflects my intention to make this a course that is also very international because finance is something about the whole world today, not just the United States.
助教来自世界各地,这也反映了我希望此课,具有国际化视角,因为金融关系到全球各个国家,不仅仅局限于美国国内
Of course, we will also be talking about behavioral finance in this course and we'll, at times, be saying that the utility function concept isn't always right-- the idea that people are actually maximizing expected utility might not be entirely accurate.
当然 我们还会,在这门课上讨论行为金融学,并且,我们会间或,讨论到效用函数不总是正确的,人们希望最大化期望效用的观点,也许并不是完全准确的
Some people have a reaction-- if you say you're taking a course in finance they think that maybe you're selling out or maybe you value money too much and that you should really be in some other field.
有些人的反应是...,如果你说你正在上一门金融课,别人会以为你在推销自己,或者你有些拜金,而你应该选择其他的专业领域
So the democratization of finance is, I think, the ultimate mission of--I find central to this course but it brings with it dangerous hazards and we have to think very carefully about how we do it.
因此,我认为金融民主化,是我们这门课的根本使命,但由此而来的金融危机,使我们深思该如何应对
The problem, of course, with the democratization of finance is that if you raise the participation in financial markets, then you bring in people who are: less and less knowledgeable; less and less understanding of concepts of finance; and less capable and more vulnerable to exploitation.
问题在于,随着金融的民主化,越来越多的人参与到金融市场里来,有些人,受教育程度较低,对金融概念不了解,没有专业能力且容易被人利用
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