You can apply non-equilibrium thermodynamics to economics.

你可以把非平衡热力学,应用于经济学。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

And the cause of some thermodynamics have even been applied to economics, systems out of equilibrium, like big companies like Enron, you know, completely out of equilibrium, crash and burn.

热力学中的一些观点,甚至被应用到经济学中，非平衡态系统，比如像安永那样大公司,彻底偏离平衡态,最后破产了。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So, then we go to thermodynamics and chemical equilibrium, and this is really about chemical reactions -- weather a reaction will go, will it be spontaneous, if there an equilibrium, what direction will the reaction be shifted in.

然后我们要讲到热力学和化学平衡,这都和化学反应有关，一个反应是否能发生,是不是能自发反应，如果存在化学平衡，它会朝什么方向移动。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

and added a structure of math upon it, to build this edifice, which is a very solid edifice of thermodynamics as a science of equilibrium systems.

了这座热力学的坚固大厦，这是一门，平衡态系统,的科学。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

If it's an equilibrium system, then thermodynamics can describe it.

如果它是个平衡系统，那么热力学就能描述它。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选