Thermodynamicstalks about equilibrium systems and how to go from one state of equilibrium to another state of equilibrium.

热力学研究的是平衡系统,以及如何,从一个平衡态转变到另一个平衡态。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

and added a structure of math upon it, to build this edifice, which is a very solid edifice of thermodynamics as a science of equilibrium systems.

了这座热力学的坚固大厦，这是一门，平衡态系统,的科学。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Normally, we do these things to keep an equilibrium among the different systems of the unconscious, but sometimes it doesn't work.

一般来说，我们会运用这些机制,去维持无意识系统的平衡，但有时防御机制也会不起作用。

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So it only talks about equilibrium systems.

因此热力学只研究平衡系统。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

And the cause of some thermodynamics have even been applied to economics, systems out of equilibrium, like big companies like Enron, you know, completely out of equilibrium, crash and burn.

热力学中的一些观点,甚至被应用到经济学中，非平衡态系统，比如像安永那样大公司,彻底偏离平衡态,最后破产了。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So it applies to macroscopic systems that are in equilibrium, and how to go from one equilibrium state to another equilibrium state, and it's entirely empirical in its foundation.

因此，热力学研究的是平衡态的宏观系统,以及如何从,一个平衡态过渡到另一个平衡态，它完全是建立在经验的基础上的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选