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This indicates that by combining two lithiums, the energy of the combined system is lower than the energies of the atomic systems.
结果显示，两个锂结合后，其结合后的能量,比原子体系的能量要低。
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An open system, as the name describes, allows mass and energy to freely flow through the boundary.
开系，顾名思义，允许质量和能量自由地,流过它的边界。
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The radius of the orbit, the energy of the system and the velocity of the electron, I am just going to present you the solutions.
是轨道的半径，系统的能量,以及电子的速度，我接下来会给你们讲解其方程的解法。
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So, we have a problem here if we're thinking about keeping things at the lowest energy, so there's a lot of ring strain in the system.
现在有个问题,我们考虑要把能量降到最低，所以环上有许多应力。
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It turns out everything around us moves energy around in one way or the other If you're a biological system, you're burning calories, burning ATP.
我们周围的一切物质,都以这样那样的方式传递着能量,如果你是一个生物系统，你会燃烧卡路里，燃烧。
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And so what I get is the energy of the system at the equilibrium separation is given by minus z plus.
这就是通过减去z+得到得平衡分离时,我得到的能量体系。
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system is the opposite of the open system, no mass and no energy can flow through the boundary.
孤立系与开系正相反，没有质量或能量,能流过它的边界。
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It's insulated. It's a closed system. In fact, it's an isolated system. There's no energy or matter that can go through that boundary.
系统指的，是盒子里的东西,它是封闭孤立的。
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It is no longer tethered to the nucleus so there is no energy stored in the system.
它已经不再受原子核的吸引,所以这个系统中没有能量储存了。
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And they've included too much or too little in the system, and it looks to them that the second law is broken and they've created more energy than is being brought in.
他们在系统中,包含了过多或过少的物质，从而在他们看来,第二定律貌似是被打破了,他们创造了比最初引入的更多的能量。
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The total energy of the system, which we are going to get from postulate number four, which says the energy of the electron, which is the energy of the system, is the sum of the kinetic and the potential energy.
这个系统的总能量，也就是我们将从第四个假设中算出的能量，也就是电子运动产生的能量，也就是整个系统的能量，是动能和位能的总和。
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I have got to put that in because that is a repulsive energy and that is going to decrease the energy of the system.
我必须要说清楚,因为这是一个排斥能,这将要减少这一系统的能量。
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So, if we want to go from that stable state to that less stable state, we need to put in a certain amount of energy to our system, that difference between the free electron and the electron bound to the metal.
所以，如果我们想使电子,从稳态到达不够稳定的状态，我们需要引入一定数量的,能量到系统中，即自由电子和束缚于金属的,电子的能量差。
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I want to plot energy in the system as a function of interatomic spacing.
我想把这个系统中的能量,按照原子间距来划分。
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putting all those things together, if you looked at this question again we'd get 100% on it, 0 9 that our only option here is 0. 9, and that it's not the negative, it's the positive version, because we're talking about how much energy we have to put into the system in order to eject an electron.
把这些放在一起，你们再看一下题目,大家100%都能选对，我们唯一的选择就是这个，它不是负数，它是正的，因为我们说的，是要,把电子激发出来,需要提供的能量。
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So there's less energy expanded by the system.
系统损失的能量也比较小。
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So you don't want to put in a negative energy, that's not going to help you out, you need to put in positive energy to get an electron out of the system. So that's why you'll find binding energies are always negative, and ionization energies are always going to be positive, or you could look at the equation and see it from there as well.
因为这对电离没有帮助,你需要一个正的能量,使得电子脱离这个系统,这就是为什么你会发现,结合能总是负的而电离能总是正的,或者你们看这个方程也可以发现这一点。
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Remember, because that 1 s orbital is all the way down in terms of if we're thinking about an energy diagram, we're all the way down here, so we have a huge amount of energy we have to put into the system in order to eject an electron.
还记得吧，因为1，s，轨道在能量示意图里,是在最底部的，我们要一直到最下面，所以我们要向这个系统注入非常大的能量,才能打出一个电子。
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I have shown that by taking Avogadro's number of individual ion pairs and putting them all together in a line, the system's energy became more negative.
我推导出了,从每一个离子对中抽出阿伏加德罗常数,再把它们放在一起在一列中，这个系统的能量就变得更负。
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The closed system allows energy to transfer through the boundary but not mass.
闭系允许能量通过它的边界传递,但质量不行。
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The first thing we are going to do is describe the energy of the system.
首先我们要做的,是描述这个系统的能量。
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The energy expanded by the system is smaller for the irreversible process.
它做的,功要小些。
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Mass and energy -- I'm an open system, right?
质量和能量--我是个开系，对吧？
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This should make sense to you, because they don't, in fact, want to gain another electron, because that would mean that electron would have to go into a new value of n, a new shell, and that's really going to increase the energy of the system.
这对大家来说应该容易理解，因为它们实际上不想得到另一个电子，因为这意味着这个电子不得不,到一个新的，n，值更大的壳层上去，这将会增加系统的能量。
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So what we'll end up with is boron plus, 1 s 2 2 s 2 1 s 2, 2 s 2, E and what we say is the delta energy or the change in energy as the same thing as saying the energy of the products minus the energy of our reactant here, that's how much energy we have to put into the system to eject an electron.
所以结果应该是正一价的硼，电子排布为，我们说，Δ,也就是，E，的变化量,等于生成物的能量,减去反应物的能量，这就是我们从这个系统中,打出一个电子所需要的能量。
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