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So, in a sense, it says, you know, if you wanted to build a boat that took energy out of the warmth of the air to sail around the world, you can do that.
因此，某种意义上说，它宣称如果你想要造一艘船,通过从空气中获取热量,这是可以做到的。
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and I mean, it's just a... it's a crazy energy out here.
我是说，就是……就是有一种疯狂的能量。
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this happens spontaneously, you actually get energy out of the reaction as this happens.
这是自发的，当反应发生的时候,你会自发地放出能量。
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Instead, we have a certain energy, we have certain geometric constraints, we have a certain energy constraint and these fall out.
然而，我们有确定的能量，我们有某些几何约束，我们有某些能量约束。
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It turns out everything around us moves energy around in one way or the other If you're a biological system, you're burning calories, burning ATP.
我们周围的一切物质,都以这样那样的方式传递着能量,如果你是一个生物系统，你会燃烧卡路里，燃烧。
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A related view is that sleep emerged to preserve energy and keep you out of trouble at night.
相似地，睡眠是为了保存能量,还能让你晚上不去惹麻烦。
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But the mathematicians told Dirac, "You cannot ignore the negative energy solution because it tells you there's a second solution and you cannot throw them out."
但数学家们告诉狄拉克,你不能忽略负的能量,因为数学告诉我有两个根,你不能随便丢掉
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With the United States quite isolated, not reaching out to Canada and Mexico, which is one thing we need to be doing for energy and economic reasons.
而美国则被孤立了，不和加拿大，墨西哥打交道，事实上这是我们现在该做的,为了能源问题和经济发展。
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I alluded to this a little bit in the first class about how humans have evolved to seek out energy because famine was the largest threat is one example of this.
第一节课的时候我提到了,人类是如何演化以便寻找能量,因为饥荒是最大的威胁,这是其中一例
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So I've sort of just spread out what we have as the second row here, graphed against the ionization energy.
所以我将第二行的情况,在这里展了，纵坐标是电离能。
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Now, if this incident energy is great enough it will take an electron out of the ground state and promote it.
现在，如果入射能足够的话,它会将一个电子从基态中释放出来,并且加速它。
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First we can do that by knowing the electron configuration, we can write it out just by going up the table here, up the energy levels.
首先我们知道了电子构型，我们可以从，能量最低处开始填。
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So when you operate on the wave function, what you end up with is getting the binding energy of the electron, and the wave function back out.
所以当你将它作用于波函数时，你得到的是电子的结合能,和后面的波函数。
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And the other thing to point out is that the energy that an anti-bonding orbital is raised by, is the same amount as a bonding orbital is lowered by.
另外一个要指出的事情是,反键轨道引起的能量升高，和成键轨道引起的能量降低是相同的。
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For instance, you want to know how much energy you're going toget out from doing this expansion.
比如，你想知道在这个膨胀过程中,到另一个平衡态的路径。
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So if I worry about energy I have a pretty good chance of extracting out these heat capacities, right, and I don't have to worry about exactly which path and I can really mix things up.
而能量与热容有密切的关系,从能量就可以就算出这两个热容，我不需要考虑到底是哪一条路径,可以随意计算。
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And in this case we're going to look at silicone, and we'll say if you can point out to me which requires the least amount of energy.
这次我们要做的是关于硅的，我们来看看大家是不是,能够为我指出那一项需要消耗的能量最少。
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The electron's going to come out of that highest occupied atomic orbital, that one that's the highest in energy, because that's going to be the at least amount of energy it needs to eject something.
这个电子应该是从,最高的被占据轨道上出来的，它的能级是最高的，因为这样的话发射出它,只需要消耗最少的能量。
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So, if we want to think about what the first ionization energy is of boron, what you want to do is write out the electron configuration, because then you can think about where it is that the electron's coming out of.
如果我们要考虑,硼的第一电离能，你首先要做的是写出它的电子排布，因为在这之后,你才能知道拿走的是哪里的电子。
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So what we'll start with today is talking about the technique that's primarily used to actually experimentally figure out what these different energy levels are.
因此，我们今天首先要讨论的就是,最常用来在实验上,确定不同能级的技术。
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So, what we can do is figure out what we would expect the binding energy of that electron to be in the case of this total shielding.
完全屏蔽的案例中,期望的电子结合,能再次记住,结合能物理上来说是。
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So in the case of 12 32, that is our highest kinetic energy, it's the smallest amount of energy it takes to pop an electron out of that orbital.
因此，1232是我们能够得到的,最高的动能，它是从这个轨道中,打出一个电子需要消耗的最低能量。
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