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Dividend income or capital gains income in the stock market is taxed differently.
股息收入或者资本利得收入,适用的税率是完全不同的
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They'll say, we are pleased to announce that we are paying a dividend in new shares issued today by the company equal to 5% of your existing shares-- so it's a 5% dividend--congratulations.
他们会说,我们很高兴的宣布,本次股利,今日将以新股的形式发放,价值为现存股本的5%,所以是5%的股利,恭喜
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Then we start paying a dividend and then if we ever have to cut it, we're in big trouble.
然后我们开始分红,如果暂停分红,大麻烦就来了
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So, that's the basic insight in Modigliani and Miller, that share repurchase and dividend are really interchangeable; it's just all a conceptual difference.
这即是莫迪利阿尼和米勒命题的内涵,股票回购和分红彼此是可替代的,只是概念上有所不同
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Maybe Merton Miller is right-- these things are "neutral mutations" and changes in dividend policy are meaningless.
也许莫顿·米勒是对的,这些都是"中性突变",变更股利政策是无意义的
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There is now no preference--well it could be-- there are lots of complexities in the tax law but, basically, dividend policy really is irrelevant now.
这就没有偏好差别了,税法中仍有很多复杂条款,但基本说来,是否推行股利政策与此无关
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That's an important--this really does happen, stocks really do drop in price on ex-dividend date.
这很重要,公司就是这么做的,股价通常会在除息日下跌
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In terms of just general investing culture-- and we're behavioral in our attitude-- it was clearer that you bought a stock to get a dividend.
在一个投资性文化中,我们更偏向于行动派,人们为了得到分红而购买股票的意图愈加明显
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The S&P 500 is 500 companies, who are major companies, so these tend to be mature companies and they tend to be in the dividend-paying stage.
标准普尔500指数包括500家大公司,这些一般都是成熟期的公司,他们一般都处于需要支付股利的阶段
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Back in the late nineteenth century the dividend price ratio was typically 5%.
回溯19世纪,股利价格比一般为5%
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This gets back--People are accustomed to getting dividend checks in the mail.
回到这里,人们习惯于,通过挂号信取得股利支票
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Typically, they'll write a letter saying, congratulations we have great news! We have some new breakthrough and in celebration of this we're going to pay everyone a 5% stock dividend.
一般来说,他们会写封信说,恭喜,有好消息了,业绩有所突破,为表示庆祝,我们将,给每人增发5%的股票股利
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Now, they are hoping that the price doesn't fall because they're announcing it with news and,in a sense, issuing the stock dividend is just a way to make it dramatic.
他们希望股价不会下跌,因为他们是带着利好宣布的,换言之,发行股票股利只是想引人注目
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If you set up a company, you don't want to pay a dividend for a while because you need the money and you're reinvesting it in the company and people will understand.
如果开办一家公司的话,短期内你不会想发放股利,因为你需要将收益用来投资,人们会理解这一点
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The whole essence of a stock dividend is that they're paying it to every shareholder in the same proportion, so every one hundred shares becomes one hundred and five shares; so you know that that has no meaning to me.
但股票股利的要义就在于,他们给每个股东相同的份额,所以每一百股都变成了一百零五股,这对我来说毫无意义
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As you can see, part of the reason why the dividend-earnings ratio-- especially in more recent years, since 1990-- has been declining is that corporations were trying to somewhat ease the tax burden on their shareholders by doing repurchase instead of dividend.
可以看出,股利收益比降低的部分原因,尤其是在近些年,从1990年起,有所降低的原因是,公司想通过将分红,改为股票回购的方法,多少减轻股东的税负
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It is an insight that Modigliani and Miller are offering the corporations that I think they often don't see that the real issue in the dividend-- both the dividend and the debt policies-- are really taxes and nothing else.
这是MM法则给予公司的建议,但是他们常常看不到,股利政策中最重要的是,不管是在股利还是负债政策中,只有税负才是关键
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