If I could find the unique set of proteins that correspond to those genes I could define chemically what the cell is.

而我又能找到和这些基因对应的,这种独特的蛋白,我就能通过化学手段确认这是哪种细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We're going to find other properties that do care about the history of the system like work, that you put in the system, or heat that you put in the system, or some other variables But you can't use those to define the equilibrium state.

我们还会发现其他一些,与系统的历史有关的性质,比如你对系统做的功，或者你向系统传递的热量，或其他的变量,但你不能用它们,来定义平衡态。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选