That - irreversible changes happen all the time too but here I'm talking about very subtle small changes where you're changing the structure of the protein but only a little bit such that it can go back.

这种不可逆的改变时时刻刻都在发生,但我在这里想讲的是,对蛋白质结构进行微小的改变,小到这种改变是可逆的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That can happen but that's abnormal, but changes in maybe the chemistry of the backbone that holds the nucleotides together.

这可能发生的,但属于非正常的变化,而是改变诸如维持核苷酸序列的,主链的化学结构

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Most chemical changes, most physical changes don't happen in isolated systems.

但是大部分的化学反应,并不是发生在孤立系统中的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

For our purpose just these are the kinds of changes that can happen.

我们的目的仅仅是,知道会产生一些变化就可以了

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选