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If we think about the size of a typical cell - excuse me, now I'm getting confused about nuclei.
它大约是10的,负十四次方米，如果我们考虑。
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So probably the, the most common example of Bio-Engineering is stem cell research,
可能最常见的生物工程案例就是干细胞的研究了，
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A pancreas--cell in the pancreas, for example, needs to make insulin and so the gene for insulin is transcribed.
举个例子,一个胰腺细胞,要分泌胰岛素,那么编码胰岛素蛋白的基因就会被转录
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Under torture, Alexis--who probably dies of cold, not of torture, in a very frozen cell-- named Boyar accomplices.
严刑之下,阿列克谢命丧黄泉,他本人可能并非死于严刑,而是在冰冷的牢房里冻死的
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My cell phone rings and because one has the capacity nowadays to select your own ring tone--right?
我的手机响了,因为现在每个人都可以,选择你自己的铃声,对吧
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The name giving part for the hair cell is so-called a hair bundle.
所以叫毛细胞,是因为这种细胞有一个发状的纤维束。
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Now, you know, because we talked about cell culture already, that a great--that we talked about last week, manufacturing of cells.
你知道,因为我们已经讲过细胞培养,我们上周讲过的,细胞的大规模制造
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Those receptors, some fraction of them, are specific for the ligand that the pre-synaptic cell releases.
这些受体 其中一部分,特异性地结合突触前细胞释放的配体
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Cell communication and immunology is what we're going to - is the topic for this week.
细胞通讯和免疫学,是我们本周要讲的主题
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This property of cells in culture is called anchorage dependence - that the cell needs to be anchored to a surface in order to function properly.
体外培养细胞的这种特性,称为贴壁依赖性--,意思是细胞必须固定在,某个表面上才能正常生长
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Another characteristic of the synapse is that the post-synaptic membrane, the membrane of the cell which is going to receive the signal has receptors on it.
突触的另一个特征是,它们都有一个突触后膜,这个膜上含有受体,可以接受信号
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Many steroid hormones act because they bind to cellulars - to receptors that are deep within the cell, often inside the nucleus.
许多类固醇激素能够起效是因为,其与存在于细胞内部的受体相结合,这类受体通常在细胞核内
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During development of the embryo it goes from being a single cell, the fertilized egg, to being a multi-cellular organism with billions of cells in it.
胚胎的发育,始于一个单一细胞,即受精卵,直到形成一个以十亿计数量的细胞构成的,多细胞有机体
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It's - this picture on the bottom shows the cell stuck to plastic.
如图所示,细胞紧紧地贴在塑料片上
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That's a lot of what stem cell biology is like - is about.
干细胞生物学的著作有很多
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For this particular cell here it looks like it's about -75 millivolts, so the inside of the cell is a little bit more negative than the outside.
这个细胞的膜电位是-75毫伏,所以细胞内侧跟外侧比起来电势要低一些
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