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So in terms of the first step of skeletal structure, this is actually going to be easier because we don't have a central atom, we just have carbon and nitrogen here.
对于第一步画出骨架，其实比刚才更容易,因为我们没有一个中心原子，我们这里只有碳和氮两个原子。
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So let's take the case of acetylene where we have two carbon atoms that are going to be triple bonded to each other, each are bonded to a carbon and then to one hydrogen.
让我们来看一看乙炔的例子,我们有两个碳原子,成三键，每个碳和一个碳一个氢相连。
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This blue chain here goes from 5' carbon all along the chain and there's a 3' carbon left open at the bottom.
这条蓝色的链,从5'碳开始一直向下延伸,以3'碳做为链的末端
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But, if you look more carefully, you will find that this is a blend of three different forms of carbon.
但是，如果你们再认真一点，会发现,它是三种形式的碳的混合物。
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Again, leaving aside the science, about which I'm sure some of you know more than me here, the issue of carbon emissions is a Prisoners' Dilemma.
抛开科学层面来说,我相信在座的一些同学比我知道的还多,碳排放问题也是个囚徒困境
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This is very easy molecule because we know exactly where to put them without even having to think, we only have one option, and we'll make a triple bond between the carbon and the nitrogen.
这个分子非常简单,因为我们知道应该把它们放在哪里,甚至不用去想，我们只有一个选择，我们将在碳与氮之间形成一个三键。
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Benzene is a ring that's made up of six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms.
苯环是一个由六个碳原子,和六个氢原子组成的环。
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So either a potassium cyanide or sodium cyanide, these are used in synthesis in terms of making carbon-carbon bonds.
因此无论是氰化钾还是氰化钠，都被用来在合成过程中,制造碳碳键。
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And because, of course, we have this carbon here what you end up doing is adding a carbon to your molecule.
因为，当然，我们这里有一个碳,接下来需要做的就是在你的分子中再加上一个碳。
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As we see a little bit later, I could talk about the carbon-hydrogen bond in methane where there is a plurality of bonds. In this case, there is only the one bond but I just want to get the formulas.
因为我们后来看到一点点，我能讨论甲烷中的碳氢共价键,那有许多共价键，这种情况下，这只有一条共价键,但我想得到氟。
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So let's take a look at what actually happens if we're talking about a carbon-carbon double bond, we're going to have a double bond.
让我们来看一看碳碳双键的情况,例如在乙烷里，我们有个双键。
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And so, if we go and we draw this again, if this is the carbon here, hydrogen, hydrogen, hydrogen, hydrogen like this, then this is going to be a little bit plus.
如果我们继续，我们将再次画下这个，如果这儿是碳，氢，氢，氢，氢，就像这样，这里有些正电荷。
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And as you know, carbon dioxide is implicated as a greenhouse gas.
你知道的，二氧化碳意味着温室气体。
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The phosphate is linked to this carbon on the pentose, and notice that there is a number on this carbon, it's called - it's the 5' carbon.
磷酸基连接在戊糖的一个碳原子上,注意在这个碳上有个数字,它叫做5'碳
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So if you think about any one of these carbon-carbon bonds, what type of a bond would you expect that to be?
如果你们考虑任何一个碳碳键，它是什么类型的？
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You have a molecule where we put the carbon in the center, and we go up like this, like this, and out the back.
你有一个分子,我们把碳放在中间，现在我们得到了。
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