Essentially, it means any society where slave labor where the definition of labor, where the definition of the relationship between ownership and labor is defined by slavery.

从本质上来说,它是个奴隶劳动的社会,在这个社会里劳动的内涵,以及劳动者与其劳动所有权之间的关系,都被定义为奴役

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

The question is what did Aristotle mean by slavery?

问题是亚里士多德所谓的奴役为何？

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Now pro-slavery writers were inspired by this to some extent, but many of them will simply convert it.

某种程度上,这给了亲奴主义作家灵感,但是他们中许多人会转变这种观念

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

The Yahweh cult may have been introduced by people escaping slavery from Egypt.

耶和华崇拜就是由这些引入,他们是从埃及出逃的奴隶。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

Instead,one of them gets kidnapped or has to go off to war or captured by pirates, and she's taken off by pirates and sold into slavery, and she goes all the way around the Mediterranean, and the young man follows her around the Mediterranean in chapter after chapter after chapter.

相反，其中一人会被绑架,或者参军打仗，或者被海盗俘虏，女方被海盗掳走，卖作奴隶，她会一路在地中海四处转辗，男方会追随她走遍地中海,就这样一章又一章。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

I can't sell myself into slavery any more than I can take somebody else's life or take someone else as a slave by force.

不能将自己变卖为奴隶,我也不能剥夺他人生命，或胁迫他人成为奴隶。

耶鲁公开课 - 公正课程节选

So, the polis will see the invention of freedom in this way, and oddly enough, it is accompanied by the growth of slavery at the same time.

因此城邦见证了自由的兴起,而且很有趣的是,这同时也伴随着奴隶制的不断发展

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

We find slavery repeatedly instituted by God or by men acting under his immediate care and direction, as in the instance of Moses and Joshua.

我们反复发现上帝一直在推行奴隶制,或是借人之手,操作施行,就像摩西和乔舒亚的故事一样

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

Aristotle agrees with those who deny that slavery is justified by war or conquest.

亚里士多德同意那些,反对用战争或征服作为借口的奴役。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

As early as 1826 an important pro-slavery writer named Edward Brown argued that "Slavery," he said, quote: "Had ever been the stepping ladder by which nations have passed from barbarism to civilization."

早在1826年,一位重要的亲奴主义作家,爱德华·布朗说过,"奴隶制,曾是帮助那些国家从野蛮时期,发展到文明社会的阶梯"

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

The first is this era, of the 1820s, '30s, '40s and '50s, Antebellum America, exemplified most obviously by the anti-slavery movement, which is where we're going to get to as we leave today.

第一个时期,是十九世纪二十年代,三十年代,四十年代和五十年代,内战前的美国,废奴运动就是其典型,这是我们今天下课前要弄明白的

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

He's going to ameliorate their conditions, he's going to make their slavery on his plantations so effective, so good, such a even joyous form of labor, that he will be doing God's work by improving slavery.

他会改善奴隶们的生活条件,他会让自己种植园的奴隶们,提高工作效率,优化管理模式,奴隶甚至是一种令人享受的工作,他会按照上帝的旨意提升奴隶的生活水平

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

Now, just to give you a sense of how cold and calculated this business was, and how in many ways the first defense or justification of slavery in America is of course it certainly is by the late Antebellum Period it is an unabashed economic defense, as we'll see.

以上只是为了让你们体会到,这种交易是如何的冷酷而精明,以及战前后期第一次,美国奴隶制度的保卫与正名之战,不管怎么看,都毫无疑问,是一场赤裸裸的利益保卫战,正如我们所见

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

Last time I began with Alexander H. Stephens's famous Cornerstone Speech in 1861, the famous passage by the Vice-President of the Confederacy declaring slavery the cornerstone of the Confederate Movement.

上次我说到亚历山大·H·史蒂芬,1861年著名的奠基石演讲,就是那个邦联副总统做的讲话,声称奴隶制是邦联运动的奠基石

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选