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V So this nR over V. And then, using the relation again, T we can just write this as p over T.
恒定温度下的dp/dT等于nR除以，再次利用状态方程，可以把它写成p除以。
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p We want p equal to p external for the entire expansion, p2 and p external is decreased steadily from p1 to p2.
在膨胀过程中保持p等于外部，外部p很快从p1衰减到。
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And the last bond that we have here is a carbon-carbon bond, and this is our last p orbitals that are coming together.
最后一个键是碳碳键，这是最后一个组合的p轨道。
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And so, if we look at our box notation, we've got three states in the p orbital.
因此，如果我们看看我们的盒子符号，在p轨道有三个状态。
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The two are opposites. They are opposed and antagonistic towards one another. So Klawans points out, as you know, that there are three main sources of impurity in P.
它们是对立的，对立且相敌对,因此正如克洛文所指出的，在P中，有3个主要的不洁来源。
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Again, so as we don't get confused, normally we use S for strategy, but let's use P since they're prices.
为了避免混淆,通常我们用S表示策略,但是这次我们使用P,因为它代表价格
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To just introduce a piece of jargon, we could call those the P abilities, P for person.
用专业术语来说,我们可以称那些能力为P能力,P代表人
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I have the case where p = .2, so the probability of an accident is 20%.
假设这里的p等于0.2,也就是一次事故发生的概率为20%
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Sorry, the question was, what happens if I said p is less than q?
抱歉，问题是，如果我这里写p小于q的话？
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p This part, of course, is just minus p.
这一部分刚好是负。
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The same thing when you're going from filling in the 2 s to putting that first electron into the 2 p.
当你填满，2，s，后再往，2，p，中,放第一个电子的时候就会发生这种问题。
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So I've got this expression for prices here, here it is, and I want to plug it into that P there.
我们之前已经给出了价格的表达式,用它来代换这里的P
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I'm going to call it r. It's going to be the gas constant, and now I have r times t is equal to the limit, p goes to zero of p r.
如果去掉p趋于0的条件,在有限压强下都,保持RT=pV的关系。
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That's great, but it's still not quite the picture we need, because actually, - all the electrons are not in equal orbitals -- one's in an s orbital, and 3 are in p.
这很好，但这还不是我们想要的图像，因为实际上，所有的电子不是在相同的轨道里的-,一个在s轨道里，3个在p轨道里。
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So on the p-V diagram, then, V1 V2 p1 p2 there's a V1 here a V2 here, a p1 here a p2 here.
在p-V图上，这是。
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mishkan P describes a portable sanctuary, a mishkan, that's used in the wilderness period.
在P中描写了一个可移动的圣所，称作，它适用于旷野时期。
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Now we're going to--notice there's no subscript on this P and you'll see why in a second.
我们要,注意这个P没有角标,你们很快会知道这是为什么
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I have two electrons now to occupy the p-orbitals.
如果P轨道有分布了两个电子。
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2 The 2p is 1.31. The 2s is 3.12.
p轨道的能量是1。31，2s轨道的能量是3。
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So again, looking at the shapes, now we're just combining two, we've got these two equal hybrid orbitals plus these 2 p orbitals here.
同样，我们看它的形状，现在我们仅仅结合两个轨道，我们得到这两个杂化轨道,和两个p轨道。
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And for the s electron, since it can get closer, what we're going to see is that s electrons are actually less shielded than the corresponding p electrons.
对于s电子，因为它可以离得更近，我们可以看到s电子事实上,相对于p电子受到,更少的屏蔽。
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which is f , divided by the value of the x-axis here.
斜率，而f是p趋于0时pV的极限。
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p So dV/dT at constant pressure is just nR over p.
所以恒定压强下dV/dT等于nR除以。
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Will it be if you take a 3 s electron from neutral silicone, if you take a 3 p electron from the neutral atom, or if you take a 3 p from the ion?
是从中性硅原子中拿走一个，3，s，电子呢，还是从中性硅原子中拿走一个，3，p，电子呢，又或者是从硅离子中拿走一个，3，p，电子呢？
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We're going to change the pressure above, Pext right now there's a p external, which is equal to p on the inside.
来改变外界条件，可以改变外界的压强，它将与气体压强p相等。
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What we're proposing here is that you take a nice low energy s electron and move it into a higher energy p orbital.
我们这里说的是,你把一个低能s电子,移到高能p轨道里去。
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So you should know that 0 any time m is equal to zero that it's the p z.
所以当我们讨论p轨道时,只要m等于,它就是pz轨道。
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So instead of p, here I'm going to put nRT over V.
于是把p写成。
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p2 and let's set p external equal to p2.
让外部的p等于。
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So any point I pick on that path will be equal to p1, V1 to the gamma.
也就是说路径上面任取一个点,计算p，V^γ
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