Now, the Boyars, in the 1660s and the 1670s, some of them began to learn Latin and Polish.

在15世纪60和70年代,那些波维尔们,波维尔中的一些人开始学拉丁语和波兰语

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

His mother and her allies among the Boyars, that is the nobles, overthrew the regents in 1689.

他母亲及其波雅尔中的同僚,也就是当时的贵族,于1689年推翻了摄政王的统治

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Boyars are the nobles; the Junkers are the Prussian nobles.

波雅尔指贵族 容克是普鲁士贵族

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

He emerges from the violent world of Boyars.

他在动乱的波雅尔世界幸存了下来

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Boyars, are the Russian nobles and royal politics.

波雅尔是沙俄贵族和皇家政客

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

So, in all of this, what he does is he makes, to use an expression that I've already used before in the context of absolutism, he makes the Boyars, while he's building his navy and expanding Russia, he makes the Boyar junior partners in absolutism.

所以,通过所有的这些事情,用我之前用过的一个词来形容,他使得波维尔们,当他在建海军和扩张领土时,他使得波维尔贵族臣服在他的绝对权威之下

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选