Under torture, Alexis--who probably dies of cold, not of torture, in a very frozen cell-- named Boyar accomplices.

严刑之下,阿列克谢命丧黄泉,他本人可能并非死于严刑,而是在冰冷的牢房里冻死的

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Now, there are only about 200-300 Boyar families.

那时只有两三百个波维尔家族

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

So, in all of this, what he does is he makes, to use an expression that I've already used before in the context of absolutism, he makes the Boyars, while he's building his navy and expanding Russia, he makes the Boyar junior partners in absolutism.

所以,通过所有的这些事情,用我之前用过的一个词来形容,他使得波维尔们,当他在建海军和扩张领土时,他使得波维尔贵族臣服在他的绝对权威之下

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选