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Essentially it would only allow for us to bond to two hydrogen atoms.
本质上，它只能允许我们,和两个氢原子成键。
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If we think about bringing in those last two carbons, what you can see is that for every carbon, two of its hybrid orbitals are being used to bond to other carbons.
如果我们考虑引入最后两个碳原子，你会看到的是对于每个碳原子，其中的两个杂化轨道,和另外的碳原子成键。
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OK, then it says draw a single bond from each surrounding atom to the central atom, and subtract two valence electrons.
后将中心原子与其相邻原子之间,连上单键，然后减掉2个价电子。
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What these do is they insure the bond-- they insure the investor against the municipality failing to pay on the bond.
他们的业务是为市政债券保险,他们确保政府当局,有能力向投资者进行赔付
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/2 So the bond order is going to be equal to 1/2, and then it will be 2 minus 2.
它的键序等于，然后乘以2减去2。
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We see that the radius is shorter, so that means that the nitrogen-nitrogen bond is going to be shorter.
我们看到这个距离更短，这就意味着,氮与氮之间的键应该更短。
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And you can go ahead and tell me what you think the bond order is going to be for this molecule.
你们告诉我你觉得,这个分子的键序应该是怎样的。
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So there's not a lot of room in the government bond market or other high-quality bond markets to generate excess returns.
所以对于政府债券或者优质债券,超额收益的空间不大
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He introduced the concept of electronegativity which was a measure, therefore, it is quantitative, of the atom's ability to attract electrons within a covalent bond and developed a scale of electronegativity.
他引入了电负性这一概念,一个反映着原子在成共价键时吸引电子的能力的数据标度，因此这是数量上的，在共价电子中,电子原子能吸引电子,并发展为一定规模的电负性。
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So, when we think about a bond length, this is going to be the length of our bond here, that makes sense because it's going to want to be at that distance that minimizes the energy.
因此，当我们考虑一个键的长度的时候，这就应该是我们的键长，这是合理的,因为体系会在核间距达到这一距离时,能量到达最小值。
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Well, if it is a good electron donor in an electron transfer reaction, if the same element finds itself in a covalent bond, it is going to be a good electron donor, although it is not full transfer.
如果它是一个在电子反应中,的好捐赠者，如果相同电子发现他在共价电子里，它将成为一个好的捐赠者，虽然没有完全转换。
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So if you think about any one of these carbon-carbon bonds, what type of a bond would you expect that to be?
如果你们考虑任何一个碳碳键，它是什么类型的？
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If you looked at heteronuclear molecules and you wanted to compute the bond energy, you might start with the bond energies of the two constituents.
如果你看那些相同电子的分子,你想计算共享能，你也许会从,两个组成部分的总能量。
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We would predict to see a single bond between lithium, and it turns out that's what we see.
我们可以预测在锂中会看到一个单键，而实际上确实是这样的。
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And ultimately we are going to get to this state where we are going to form a bond.
最终我们将得到这个状态,即形成一根键。
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The yield-to-maturity on an indexed bond is already in real terms because the coupons are indexed to inflation.
这种债券的到期收益率,就是实际收益率,因为票息已经被通胀指数化了
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They want to get as far away from each other possible, the ideal angle is 120. But what we have here is a four-membered ring, so what angle does 90° that have to be, that bond? 90 degrees.
它们想要尽量远离彼此，最理想的是形成120°键角,但现在是个四元环,所以这键角应该多大？
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We can know this information even if we just knew that the bond was stronger, we wouldn't need to look at a graph here, because it turns out that if you have a stronger bond, -- that also means that you have a shorter bond -- those two are correlated.
我们依然可以得到上面的信息,即使我们所知道仅仅是这个键更强，我们不需要去看这个图，因为事实上如果你有一个更强的键，这也就意味着你有一个更短的键-,这两点是互相关联的。
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So let's take a look at what actually happens if we're talking about a carbon-carbon double bond, we're going to have a double bond.
让我们来看一看碳碳双键的情况,例如在乙烷里，我们有个双键。
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But he said the energy of an X-Y bond is going to be equal to the square root.
但他说ＸＹ键的键能,会等于ＸＸ键与ＹＹ键键能乘积的平方根。
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So we want to have constructive interference to form a bond, where as if we had destructive interference, we would not be forming a bond.
我们需要,相干相长来成键，如果，相干相消了，就不能成键，所以这时候。
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For hydrogen our bond order is going to equal 1/2, 2 minus 0.
对于氢原子键序等于1/2，2减去。
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Molecular orbital theory, even at this very basic level, allowed us to predict that no, we're not going to see a true bond here, a strong bond.
即使在最基础的层次，分子轨道理论预计，我们不会看到一个键，一个强的键，。
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So, another way to talk about dissociation energy is simply to call it bond strength, it's the same thing, they're equal to each other.
讨论离解能的另外一种方式,是直接称它为键的强度，它们是一样的，彼此相等。
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Since that time, PES we've been able to actually measure these bond strengths by PES, photoelectron spectroscopy.
自从那时，我们就能够用,测量键的强度，光电子能谱。
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