So that it's not what the text means -which might be anything, according to Hirsch, if you just appeal to the text; it's what the author means to say.

所以不是文本的意思，而是作者想说的东西,赫施认为，文本的意思几乎可以是任何东西，如果你仅仅参考文本的话。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

One kind of evidence or one kind of argument that we won't be making use of here is appeal to religious authority.

一个证据，一次辩论,我们不能再这里利用,上诉宗教权威。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

It's a question rather of how we know the author to be there, firstly, and secondly, whether or not in attempting we should appeal to the authority of an author.

首先我们如何知道作者在那儿，其次，决定文本意义的时候,如果作者只是一种功能。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Gram for gram it provides a lot more punch in terms of calories than protein or carbohydrate, and that could be why fat has such an appeal to human physiology and why people like high fat foods.

每克脂肪比蛋白质或碳水化合物,提供更多卡路里的热量,这是人类身体对脂肪如此渴求的原因,人们为什么如此喜欢高脂食物

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

So it's a tough economy and you'd say, "Well geez, I want to do a startup. Is there going to be an investment out there? Well geez, I want to sell to customers and they're going to need to buy equipment to do things, or geez I want to appeal to advertisers, and there's got to be a consumer demand out there."

因此经济愈发不景气，你们会说“天哪，我想要卷土重来,会有人给我投资吗？,我想向人们出售产品,他们会需要买些设备来做事的，哦天哪，我想向广告商招标，总会有消费者需求的“

斯坦福公开课 - 微软CEO-Steve.Ballmer谈科技的未来课程节选

So attempts to dismiss the appeal to near- death experiences on what we might call philosophical grounds-- this would be the bad notion of philosophy-- on philosophical grounds, I think that's got to be misguided.

因此想要在哲学基础上,驳回这种诉诸濒死体验,这可不是一个好的哲学观,从哲学基础上来看,我想那是不明智的

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选