The polis is not merely a city state in the same way as,let us say, the Mesopotamian city states of the third millennium B.C. Were.

那就是城邦不仅仅是一座城市,并不是像,我们说的公元前三千年的,美索不达米亚的城市

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Minus p, right? But in fact, if you go back to the van der Waal's equation of state b here's RT over v minus b.

再减去p，对吗，但是实际上，如果你代回范德瓦尔斯气体的状态方程,这里是RT除以摩尔体积减去。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

b Let me just first write it down, the Van der Waals equation of state.

有两个参数，a和，如果a和b等于0的话。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

OK, in a few weeks, you're going to find out that we can calculate dH/dp from this equation of state, and you're going to find p out that dH/dp from that equation of state b-a/RT is proportional to b minus a over RT.

好，在接下来几个星期里,你们将知道从这个状态方程,可以计算出偏H偏p，并且你们会发现,从这个状态方程得到的偏H偏,正比于。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Cv The only difference is it'll be Cp instead of Cv, B but there it is for pathway B. There it is for C a pathway C. So the state functions that we're familiar with are doing what we expect they ought to be doing, right? If you go around in a cycle, starting and ending at the same place the state functions have to stay the same.

是Cp而不是，这是路径,这是路径,所以我们熟悉的态函数的行为,正与我们预期的相同，对吧？,如果你沿着循环走一圈,开始和结束于同一个位置。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选