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Helper cells don't become cytotoxic cells but they help B cells become antigen producing - antibody producing cells.
附助细胞不会成为细胞毒细胞,它们帮助B细胞成为抗体分泌细胞
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Then, your muscle cells would start producing Hepatitis B surface antigen and your immune system recognizing that's a foreign protein would start responding to it.
于是,肌肉细胞将会,开始制造乙肝表面抗原,然后免疫系统就会识别出,那是外来蛋白质并且产生免疫应答
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Then, you could get the Hepatitis B protein expressed in your cells.
那样的话,就可以令,乙肝病毒蛋白质在细胞中进行表达
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It turns out in the case of Hepatitis B, the way the lifecycle proceeds-- the cells make too much of the protein and not all of it gets assembled into the virus.
结果显示,在乙肝的病案中,病毒生命周期的发展情况,细胞制造了大量的蛋白质,但并不是所有的蛋白质都会组合成病毒
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One of the results of that stimulation is that B-cells - a particular subset of B-cells - gets activated.
这种激活的结果之一就是,B细胞,一类特别的B细胞亚族被激活
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The humoral immune response involves antibody production and antibodies are made by a subset of cells called B-cells.
体液免疫反应中包括抗体的产生过程,抗体是由一类称为B细胞的细胞亚族产生
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What happens when they're activated is they start to reproduce, they make more and more, and more B-cells.
激活后,免疫细胞开始增殖,B细胞变得越来越多
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They both proliferate, increase in number, and they differentiate; they differentiate from immature B-cells into antibody producing cells.
淋巴细胞将迅速增殖,数量大幅提高,同时发生分化,幼B淋巴细胞分化,形成能够分泌抗体的细胞
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The antigen has to be presented to helper T-cells, those helper T-cells have to stimulate a B-cell population to both proliferate and differentiate.
抗原需要被呈递给辅助性T细胞,这些辅助性T细胞需要激活B淋巴细胞,使其增殖和分化
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Those B-cells also mature, they differentiate and that's what's shown on this slide here is the differentiation of those immature B-cells into mature B-cells.
这些B细胞也会变成熟,并且进行分化,这都展示在幻灯片上了,未成熟的B细胞分化为成熟的B细胞
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So not all of the B-cells that are stimulated become plasma cells or antibody secreting cells.
所以,并不是所有的B淋巴细胞,被刺激分化成为,浆细胞或是抗体分泌细胞
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They come from B-cells, they come from B-cells that are activated with a specific antigen.
抗体来自于B细胞,它们来自于被特别的抗原所激活的B细胞
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The antibodies that are produced from these B-cells are also specific for the antigen.
产生自B细胞的抗体,对抗原来说是特异性的
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In the case of the helper cells they stimulate a specific population of B-cells to mature into antibody producing cells, and that antibody is generated against the antigen that stimulated it.
以辅助性T细胞为例,辅助性T细胞刺激特定的B细胞,使这些细胞成长为抗体分泌细胞,抗体分泌细胞产生大量的抗体,以消灭大量增殖的抗原
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Some of them become what are called memory cells.
一部分B淋巴细胞成为记忆细胞
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Now, these Th-cells, helper T-cells, go on to stimulate B-cells, and it's these B-cells that become the mature antibody producing cells that make quantities of antibody that fill up in your body.
这些辅助性T细胞,进一步刺激B淋巴细胞,从而使这些B淋巴细胞,逐渐发育成成熟的抗体生成细胞,可在体内产生大量抗体
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So, either stimulates the production of-- and differentiation of B-cells, to produce a specific antibody that can neutralize the virus, or stimulates the production of cytotoxic T-cells that can kill infected cells within your body.
所以,疫苗的刺激要么能够,促进B淋巴细胞产生和分化,以生成特定的抗体来杀灭病毒,要么刺激T细胞释放细胞毒素,杀死身体里被感染的细胞
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What do immature B-cells do?
未成熟的B细胞都在做什么呢
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Cells share signals with each other, and that leads to activation of a specific cell population if we're thinking about a vaccine that produces antibodies, that leads to activation of B-cells, immature B-cells, which do two things.
细胞与细胞之间存在信号传递,而这将激活特定的细胞群体,如果是一些能够产生抗体的疫苗,抗体将会激活B淋巴细胞,幼B淋巴细胞,使其发生两种变化
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