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And the technique is called, watch because this is a six-letter initialization, linear combination of atomic orbitals LCAO-MO into molecular orbital, LCAO-MO.
这项技术是，一个6字母初始设定，原子轨道的线性叠加,成分子轨道。
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So we can go ahead and name our molecular orbital, just like we know how to name our atomic orbitals.
我们可以继续命名分子轨道，就想我们知道如何命名原子轨道一样。
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Now, from your book as well, this is the pz's of the two atomic orbitals forming the bonding orbital.
现在，也是你们书上，这是两个pz轨道,组成的成键轨道。
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And what you find is when you have a bonding orbital, the energy decreases compared to the atomic orbitals.
你们发现当你有个成键轨道的时候，相比原子轨道能量要降低。
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So again you can see as we're filling up our molecular orbitals, we're using the exact same principle we used to fill up atomic orbitals.
当我们填充轨道的时候可以看到，我们用的是和,填充原子轨道一样的原则。
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So, we'll start by taking a look at constructive interference, and another way to explain this is just to say again, molecular orbitals are a linear combination of atomic orbitals.
我们先来看一看相长干涉，另外一个解释它的方法就是说，分子轨道是原子轨道的组合。
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So again, we can fill in our atomic orbitals here, there's going to be two electrons in each of our atomic orbitals.
同样的，我们可以填充原子轨道，每个原子轨道上有两个电子。
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So, if we have two atomic orbitals coming together from two different atoms and they combine, what we end up forming is a molecular orbital.
如果我们有两个,不同原子的原子轨道,而且它们组合到一起，我们最后就能得到一个分子轨道。
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I am going to sum up the atomic orbitals that go into the molecular orbital, and they are going to have some coefficients.
我准备将原子轨道组合起来,进行分子轨道计算，这个过程还需添加一些系数。
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So, if we look at the molecular orbital, that's actually going to be lower in energy than either of the two atomic orbitals.
如果我们看分子轨道的话，它实际上要比,两个原子轨道都要低。
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So we can actually constructively and destructively combine these waves, these atomic orbitals to make a hybrid.
我们可以相长,和相消叠加这些波，这些原子轨道可以杂化。
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So, let's think of the energy of interaction when we're comparing atomic orbitals to molecular bonding orbitals.
当我们比较原子轨道和分子轨道的时候,我们来考虑一下相互作用能。
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What we are going to say is that the wavefunction for molecular orbitals is going to be an additive sum of the wavefunctions of atomic orbitals.
我想说的是,分子轨道的波函数,就是多个原子轨道,波函数的线性叠加。
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The 1 s just comes from the fact that the molecular orbital is a combination of two 1 s atomic orbitals.
是因为分子轨道是两个,1s原子轨道的组合。
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But first, I just want to remind you when we're talking about molecular orbital theory, this is treating electrons as waves, so what we're actually able to do is either constructively or destructively combine atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals.
但首先，我要提醒你们,当我们讨论，分子轨道理论的时候，我们把电子看作是一种波,所以我们可以相长叠加,或者相消叠加这些原子轨道来组成分子轨道。
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Linear combination of atomic orbitals into molecular orbitals.
原子轨道的线性叠加,成分子轨道。
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So any time that you're drawing these molecular orbital diagrams you want to keep in mind that the number of electrons that you have in atomic orbitals, you need to add those together and put that many electrons into your molecule.
任何时候当你们画分子轨道图时,你们要记住,原子轨道里的电子数，你要把它们加在一起,并放到分子轨道里去。
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And that's going to be lower in energy than the two individual atomic orbitals.
它的能量要比,两个独立的原子轨道能量要低。
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All right, so I did this not at all purposely, but this can point out for you that you need to make sure that the number of electrons that you have in your molecular orbital does match up with the total number that you have in your atomic orbitals.
我并不是故意这么做的，但这告诉我们必须要保证,分子轨道里的电子数,和原子轨道里的,总电子数能对上。
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It's going to be higher in energy than the individual atomic orbitals.
它比独立的,原子轨道要高。
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It's increased compared to the atomic orbitals.
相比原子轨道它应该更高。
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Again, we're going to take the linear combination of those p atomic orbitals and make what are called pi or some more sigma molecular orbitals.
同样的，我们需要得到,原子p轨道的线性组合,然后组成我们所说的,π分子轨道或者sigma分子轨道。
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So these are atomic orbitals.
这是原子轨道。
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And then we're going to name the atomic orbitals that make it up, and it's being made up of a carbon 2 s p 3 orbital, and a hydrogen 1 s orbital.
然后我们要命名,组成它的原子轨道，它是由碳2sp3轨道，和氢原子1s轨道组成。
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So you can see here in this slide we have the atomic orbitals for the two hydrogen atoms, each of them have one electron in them, hydrogen has one electron in a 1 s orbital.
从这个幻灯片你们可以看到我们,有这两个氢原子的原子轨道，每个上面有个电子，氢原子上面有一个电子在1s轨道上。
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So we would label our anti-bonding orbital higher in energy than our 1 s atomic orbitals.
我们应该把反键轨道标在,高于1s原子轨道能量的地方。
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So we have two electrons in our bonding orbital, but because we use the same rules to fill up molecular orbitals as we do atomic orbitals, so the Pauli exclusion principle tells us we can't have more than two electrons per orbital, so we have to go up to our anti-bonding orbital here.
所以在成键轨道上有两个电子，但因为我们用了和原子轨道时,用的相同的规则，所以Pauli不相容原理告诉我们,一个轨道上不能有两个以上的电子，所以我们需要填充到反键轨道上去。
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Here is the atomic nitrogen, here is the atomic nitrogen and these are the orbitals of molecular nitrogen.
这是氮原子，这是氮原子,然后这是氮气的分子轨道。
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And these orbitals arise from the combination of individual atomic orbital.
这些轨道起源于,每个原子轨道的组合。
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